The present disclosure relates to a computer-implemented method for analyzing a product stream of a chemical reaction. The method includes withdrawing a portion of the product stream of the chemical reaction from a reactor, the portion of the product stream having a volume of less than about 200 ?L. The method further includes mixing the portion of the product stream with a diluent to produce a sample and then transferring the sample to a liquid chromatography device. A measured chemical profile is then developed, via the liquid chromatography device, which can be used for process monitoring or real time decision making. In some embodiments, the method can include adjusting a reaction condition in the reactor based on differences between the measured chemical profile and a desired chemical profile.

A separator (e.g. an impact centrifugal separator) is for use in collection of liquid portions of a bi-phasic flowstream in a supercritical fluid system. A separator chamber defines an interior space, surrounded by a spiral channel and that has an exit at a lower portion of the separator chamber. A flowstream director (e.g. an entry lube) focuses the flowstream so that the flowstream impacts a wail of the spiral channel at an angle that promotes coalescence of the liquid component. The spiral channel may promote further coalescence of the liquid portions within the constraining spiral channel after impact. A central director may be included in the interior space of the separator chamber to promote flow of the gaseous component toward the exit. A dripper may be included in fluid communication with the spiral channel, for example, in the exit and to direct the coalesced liquid into a collection vessel.

In one aspect, disclosed herein is a method for determining sulfate concentration in a sample, comprising: a) providing a liquid sample comprising urea and at least one impurity; b) concentrating the liquid sample under conditions effective to reduce the liquid volume; c) forming a dilute sample solution by diluting the concentrated liquid sample of step b) in water; and d) analyzing the dilute sample solution of step c) with ion chromatography to determine if a concentration of sulfate is present in the provided liquid sample of step a); wherein the analyzing of step d) is capable of determining the presence of a sulfate concentration present in an amount less than about 1 ppm.

A method for designing a new product includes automatically identifying a plurality of components of stored products, wherein the plurality of components is associated with an existing component included in a design of the new product, automatically selecting a new component from among the plurality of components, wherein a relationship between the existing component and the new component optimizes a design objective for the new product, automatically adding the new component to the design for the new product, and iteratively repeating the identifying, the selecting, and the adding until a stopping criterion is met, wherein the design for the new product is complete when the stopping criterion is met.

To enable appropriate analysis to easily be performed in accordance with an object to be analyzed, provided is an apparatus for determining a chromatograph analysis method includes: an input portion (220) configured to receive input of a sample name of a sample to be analyzed and a component name; a storage (230) configured to store an analysis method for a component corresponding to the component name in the sample corresponding to the sample name so that the analysis method is associated with the sample name and the component name; and a controller (210) configured to search the storage for the analysis method, which corresponds to the sample name and the component name input to the input portion, to read the analysis method from the storage, and present the analysis method to a user.

A method for designing a new product includes automatically identifying a plurality of components of stored products, wherein the plurality of components is associated with an existing component included in a design of the new product, automatically selecting a new component from among the plurality of components, wherein a relationship between the existing component and the new component optimizes a design objective for the new product, automatically adding the new component to the design for the new product, and iteratively repeating the identifying, the selecting, and the adding until a stopping criterion is met, wherein the design for the new product is complete when the stopping criterion is met.

A thermal desorption tube for chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis. The thermal desorption tube includes a sorbent and a plurality of focusing agents loaded at known, relative amounts onto the sorbent. Each focusing agent is a compound that chromatographically elutes within a retention time similar to a retention time of a target analyte and has a mass spectrum similar to a mass spectrum of the target analyte. The thermal desorption tube is configured to be further loaded with a sample having the target analyte.

A method for designing a new product includes automatically identifying a plurality of components of stored products, wherein the plurality of components is associated with an existing component included in a design of the new product, automatically selecting a new component from among the plurality of components, wherein a relationship between the existing component and the new component optimizes a design objective for the new product, automatically adding the new component to the design for the new product, and iteratively repeating the identifying, the selecting, and the adding until a stopping criterion is met, wherein the design for the new product is complete when the stopping criterion is met.

A method for designing a new product includes automatically identifying a plurality of components of stored products, wherein the plurality of components is associated with an existing component included in a design of the new product, automatically selecting a new component from among the plurality of components, wherein a relationship between the existing component and the new component optimizes a design objective for the new product, automatically adding the new component to the design for the new product, and iteratively repeating the identifying, the selecting, and the adding until a stopping criterion is met, wherein the design for the new product is complete when the stopping criterion is met.

The invention discloses a method for detecting the release performance of flavors and fragrances microcapsule, comprising the following steps: Using SPME to adsorb the gas sample released by the perfume microcapsules in different time periods under constant temperature and humidity conditions. The SPME adsorption time was 10 s30 min and the analytical time in GC/MS was is 1 s100 min, and the compounds detected by GC-MS were quantified by area normalization method. The method of the invention is simple and rapid, and is suitable for analyzing and detecting the sustained release of the perfume microcapsules. Using SPME technology, the detection process was without the use of organic solvents and green pollution. The invention can be directly used for the detection of the release of gas components of various perfume microcapsule products without destroying the sample morphology and structure, and more truly reflecting the release performance of the flavors and fragrances microcapsule in real life.