The invention provides an analytical process, which preferably is a one-step process, for detecting in a sample peroxide-based explosives, nitrate-based explosives and/or nitramine-based explosives, the process comprising contacting a sample suspected of containing a peroxide-based compound, especially a peroxide-based explosive, a nitramine, nitrate ester or a nitrate salt, especially a nitrate-based explosive and/or a nitramine-based explosive, with a composition comprising a Ni-porphyrin, an acid and preferably an acid-stable solvent.

Disclosed is a method for predicting corrosion and spontaneous combustion of sulfur-related petrochemical equipment. The method solves the issues in the existing techniques that includes narrow predicting range, high workload in installation and maintenance, and time lag in predicting corrosion and spontaneous combustion inside equipment. The method comprises a step of a dual index system prediction, which includes a step of monitoring a temperature and a step of detecting SO.sub.2 gas generated by spontaneous combustion. The time when spontaneous combustion occurs can be accurately calculated by using a fitted quantitative relationship formula generated by the spontaneous combustion of corrosion products. The method has a low Labor cost. The method has a low labor cost and, does not require on-site gas detection to be carried out by means of manual detection, which both reduces the cost and ensures the detection accuracy.

A self-timing, passive, chemical dosimeter. The dosimeter includes a sampling media and electronics supported by a cassette. The sampling media is configured to absorb volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, or both, while the electronics are configured to record a time of exposure. The dosimeter further includes an actuator having a closed position and an open position. In the closed position, the actuator resists exposure of the sampling media to volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, or both, and in the open position, the actuator permits exposure of the sampling media to volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, or both. The actuator is configured to operate the electronics for recording time of exposure.

The present invention relates to hydrogen-detectable composite particles through irreversible discoloration and a method for manufacturing same. More particularly, the present invention relates to composite particles having palladium oxide (PdO) particles adhered on the surfaces of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and a method for manufacturing same. In addition, the present invention relates to applications of hydrogen detecting sensors, nanofibers, polymer films, paints, or the like using the composite particles.

The present invention is concerned with self-immolative recognition and/or responsive systems for electrophilic compounds, especially alkylating agents, which systems may comprise disclosure or detection of the alkylating agent. The present invention is especially concerned with non-protic triggered self-immolative systems, molecules, and methods, and in particular for detection of non-protic electrophilic agents, and especially alkylating agents, for example alkyl or benzylic halides, which may be found in pesticides or fumigants, or chemical warfare agents.

An aircraft pressurized air system and method is disclosed. The system includes a compressor that receives and compresses outside air, and an air cycle machine that receives compressed air from the compressor and directs conditioned air to an aircraft pressurized zone. The system also includes a contaminant sensor disposed along an air flow path between the compressor and the aircraft pressurized zone, comprising an optical guide, a metal organic framework on an exterior surface of the optical guide in operative fluid communication with air from the air flow path, a light source in communication with the optical guide at a first end of the optical guide, and a light detector in communication with the optical guide at a second end of the optical guide.

Systems and methods are provided for tracking all chemicals, including odors, a package is exposed to throughout the shipping process. A device is attached to the package or placed within the package to extract the chemicals that are in the surrounding environment to the device. The device can extract and concentrate volatile, semi-volatile and non-volatile chemicals that the device and the corresponding package are exposed to throughout the shipping process. The extracted chemicals may then be desorbed from the device and analyzed by an analytical instrumentation method.

Disclosed is a hydrogen sensor. The hydrogen sensor includes a substrate; a color changeable layer disposed on the substrate and made of an oxide semiconductor material, wherein when the oxide semiconductor material reacts with hydrogen ions or hydrogen atoms, a color thereof changes; a catalyst layer disposed on a surface of the color changeable layer and made of a catalyst material, wherein the catalyst material dissociates hydrogen molecules (H2) into hydrogen atoms (H) or hydrogen ions (H.sup.+); and a protective layer disposed to cover a surface of the catalyst layer and an exposed surface of the color changeable layer, and made of a polymer material, wherein the polymer material allows hydrogen molecules to pass therethrough but blocks water molecules.

The present invention provides a corrosive environment monitoring method capable of short-term to long-term identification of the type of corrosive gas, without requiring a power source such as a commercial power source or a storage battery, in a narrow place inside an equipment housing of an electric or electronic device to be evaluated. The corrosive environment monitoring method of the present invention involves using a corrosion sensor that has a passage structure in which one end is closed and the other end is an opening, wherein a part of the upper and lower surfaces or left and right surfaces with respect to the opening is formed by a transparent substrate, and a metal thin film is formed on the surface of the transparent substrate that is in contact with the corrosive gas flowing in from the opening, observing the degree of discoloration of the metal thin film through the transparent substrate, and identifying the type of the corrosive gas from the relationship between the degree of discoloration and the type of corrosive gas that has been observed in advance.

A self-timing, passive, chemical dosimeter. The dosimeter includes a sampling media and electronics supported by a cassette. The sampling media is configured to absorb volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, or both, while the electronics are configured to record a time of exposure. The dosimeter further includes an actuator having a closed position and an open position. In the closed position, the actuator resists exposure of the sampling media to volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, or both, and in the open position, the actuator permits exposure of the sampling media to volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, or both. The actuator is configured to operate the electronics for recording time of exposure.