A pool maintenance system that includes a spectroscopic device that is configured to analyze a fluid of a pool.

A system for measuring water quality parameters, such as pH, CO.sub.2, alkalinity, and so forth, includes sensors or other measuring components integrated onto a circuit board. The circuit board may be contained within a submersible, watertight housing. A spectrophotometer may be located on the circuit board to measure the wavelength and intensity of light transmitted through the water being tested. Sensors for measuring salinity, pressure, temperature, or other properties may also be included on or near the circuit board. A microcontroller for processing these measurements is located on the circuit board. System components used to direct and filter the water, such as certain pumps, filters, and so forth, may be included in the housing off of the circuit board. Integrating the sensors and other measuring components onto a circuit board allows for a compact, low-cost water-quality-measuring system that is capable of making very accurate and precise measurements.

The present invention is directed toward the early detection of harmful algal blooms. The system employs the ability of whole cell non-contact micro Raman spectroscopy to detect cell pigmentation in such a way that distinct patterns or fingerprints can be assembled. Light field microscopy will provide a fundamentally innovative increase in image and sample volume. Furthermore, darkfield microscopy is employed to capture high-resolution, color images of the detected plankton to increase the accuracy of species identification and classification. Together, this new instrument will provide a powerful yet elegantly simple solution to detection of HAB cells and characterization of environmental conditions.

A low-temperature safe sensor package. The package includes a housing having an internal cavity, an inlet port in communication with the internal cavity and a fluid source, and an outlet port in communication with the internal cavity. A sensor carrier is moveably arranged within the internal cavity. A spring element is arranged between the sensor carrier and a portion of the housing for biasing the sensor carrier into an operating position within the internal cavity.

Methods and systems for detecting oil proximate to a body of ice is disclosed herein. An example system includes an energy emitter disposed proximate to a first surface of a body of ice. An energy detector is disposed proximate to a second surface of the body of ice. The energy detector is used to map a distribution of oil proximate to the body of ice based, at least in part, on differences in energy transmitted through the body of ice.

The disclosure describes various embodiments that utilize optical sensor to characterize attributes of a liquid. Some sensor configuration continue to function properly even after scaling begins to reduce the visibility of photochemical sensors that measure the attributes of the liquid. This allows significantly longer continuous operating periods and lower maintenance costs.

A system for monitoring at least one parameter of a fluid contained in a container includes a measuring device based on near-infrared spectroscopy designed to be submerged in the cited fluid to be monitored and to take measurements of the fluid. The measuring device includes a measuring area. The monitoring system includes a flotation system joined to the measuring device. The flotation system is arranged, during the use of the monitoring system, floating on the fluid to be monitored such that the measuring area of the measuring device is submerged in the fluid at a constant depth with respect to the level of fluid in the container, such that all the measurements taken by the measuring device are taken at the same depth with respect to the level of the fluid.

A composition sensor for measuring composition of fluid mixtures is presented. The composition sensor includes a plurality of high-brightness emission sources having respective spectrally narrow wavelength emission bands in the infrared region. The wavelength emission bands overlap absorption wavelength bands of the composition. The wavelength emission bands are wavelength multiplexed and time multiplexed prior to emission through a fluid mixture. A single optical detector senses the emitted light. The composition sensor includes arms that can rotate to measure composition at different angular position of a pipe in a lateral section of an oil well. Rotation of the arms is provided by rotation of an element of a mobile vessel to which the arm is rigidly coupled. The rotation of the arms is provided by a rotation of a nose of the mobile vessel that rotates independently from a main body of the mobile vessel.

Methods and systems for detecting oil proximate to a body of ice is disclosed herein. An example system includes an energy emitter disposed proximate to a first surface of a body of ice. An energy detector is disposed proximate to a second surface of the body of ice. The energy detector is used to map a distribution of oil proximate to the body of ice based, at least in part, on differences in energy transmitted through the body of ice.

An apparatus and method for measuring absorption of a liquid at several highly resolved wavelengths in the ultraviolet light spectrum with additional wavelengths or wavelength groups in the visible and/or near infrared light spectrum is provided. The apparatus includes a submersible housing that incorporates a broad band light source that emits ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared light, optical windows defining a measurement region of the liquid, an optical chopper unit to alternate between reference and measured light beams, an optical sensor to detect a specific wavelength or group of wavelengths in the visible or near infrared light spectrum from the broadband light source, a slit to define the broadband light geometry onto a diffraction grating, the diffraction grating to modify the broad band light beam into highly wavelength resolved ultraviolet wavelengths, and a line sensor to detect the highly wavelength resolved ultraviolet light.