A fluid testing system comprises a source that generates electromagnetic waves, a detector that receives the transmitted electromagnetic waves and generates analog signals corresponding to the colours represented in the electromagnetic waves and, a receptacle, having a fluid inlet and an optical inner tube with transparent walls. The receptacle is positioned between the source and the detector to enable the electromagnetic waves to pass through its walls and through a fluid sample in the receptacle. A repository stores a pre-determined range of reference values corresponding to the values of digital signals for fluids of various colours. An analog to digital converter in the system cooperates with the detector to receive the analog signals, converting them into digital signals, wherein the values are compared with the reference values by a comparator. A fluid outlet provides tested fluid. Further, a fuel supply system is disclosed for supplying fuel to a vehicle.

A gas sensing system measures a concentration of first and second gasses in a gas sample disposed in a cavity containing a porous scattering material. The first and second gas each have an absorption peak at a different wavelength. First and second emitters emit light having a spectrum that includes one of the different wavelengths. A single sensor, or multiple sensors, detect at least some of the light emitted by the first and second emitters. A processor determines concentration of the first and second gases from signals from the sensor that indicate intensities of the light from the first and second emitters. When a single sensor is used, the first and second emitters are driven, and the sensor signal detected, at different times. When multiple sensors are used, the sensors detect signals at one of the absorption peaks.

To provide a concentration measurement method with which the concentrations of predetermined chemical components can be measured non-destructively, accurately, and rapidly by a simple means, up to the concentrations in trace amount ranges, as well as a concentration measurement method with which the concentrations of chemical components in a measurement target can be accurately and rapidly measured in real time up to the concentrations in nano-order trace amount ranges, and which is endowed with a versatility that can be realized in a variety of embodiments and modes. In the present invention, a measurement target is irradiated, in a time sharing manner, with light of a first wavelength and light of a second wavelength that have different optical absorption rates with respect to the measurement target. The light of each wavelength, arriving optically via the measurement target as a result of irradiation with the light of each wavelength, is received at a shared light-receiving sensor. A differential signal is formed, the differential signal being of a signal pertaining to the light of the first wavelength and a signal pertaining to the light of the second wavelength, the signals outputted from the light-receiving sensor upon receipt of the light. The concentration of a chemical component in the measurement target is derived on the basis of the differential signal.

A solution for illuminating plants is provided. An illustrative system can include: a set of visible light sources configured to emit visible radiation directed at the plant; a set of ultraviolet radiation sources configured to emit ultraviolet radiation directed at the plant; and a set of sensors, wherein at least one sensor is configured to detect a fluorescence emitted from the plant due to the ultraviolet radiation and a fluorescence emitted from the plant due to the visible radiation.

A method is provided for diagnosing the operation of a photometric particle analyzer. The method may determine when the operation is degraded from normal operating conditions, automatically, and the result displayed locally as well as being transmitted to a remote observer. The present invention may be used by optical photometric particle analyzers, or by analyzers that measure other properties of particles collected on filters.

An optical testing system includes: a testing probe, a collecting unit, and a processing unit, wherein the testing probe includes a plurality of spectrum photodiodes used for emitting and casting monochromatic light to a sample, wherein the wavelength of the light emitted by at least one spectrum photodiode is different from that of any other. The collecting unit collects multi-way signal light obtained after the emitted monochromatic light is reflected by the sample surface. The processing unit includes a photoelectric conversion module, an adding module and a testing module. The photoelectric conversion module converts the collected multi-way signal light respectively to multi-way electrical signals. The adding module performs an adding operation for the multi-way electrical signal to obtain an operation result. The testing module tests a quality parameter of the sample according to the operation result, and outputs a testing result.

A spectrometer system may be used to determine one or more spectra of an object, and the one or more spectra may be associated with one or more attributes of the object that are relevant to the user. While the spectrometer system can take many forms, in many instances the system comprises a spectrometer and a processing device in communication with the spectrometer and with a remote server, wherein the spectrometer is physically integrated with an apparatus. The apparatus may have a function different than that of the spectrometer, such as a consumer appliance or device.

A light splitting module for obtaining spectrums of an object to be tested is disclosed, which sequentially includes a light entrance window, a diffuser and a filter array along a light entrance direction, wherein the filter array is an angle modulated filter array which has multiple subareas and includes multiple filters with different center wavelengths respectively corresponding to the subareas. Also, a dual-mode multiplexing optical device is disclosed, which includes the light splitting module, an illumination module and a light field imaging module, can realize the integration of spectral detection and light field imaging, so it can be applied to material spectral detection, digital image detection and digital focusing for obtaining high-resolution imaging results; and simultaneously, the modules of the device are detachable, so that users can use the device as required.

An adjustable multi-wavelength lamp is described. The lamp can include a plurality of emitters. The emitters can include at least one ultraviolet emitter, at least one visible light emitter, and at least one infrared emitter. The lamp can include a control system for controlling operation of the plurality of emitters. The control system can be configured to selectively deliver power to any combination of one or more of the plurality of emitters to generate light approximating a target spectral distribution of intensity.

The invention relates to a portable reflectometer and to a method for characterizing the collector mirrors used in solar power plants for the in-field characterization of reflection coefficients. The equipment includes all of the components required for this measurement, such as a module to measure the reflection coefficient of the mirror, an electronic data acquisition and processing system, a system for processing data and controlling the equipment, a system for storing the data of interest, a user interface system, and a system allowing communication between the aforementioned systems and an outer casing. The equipment can be used to characterize the specular reflection coefficient of flat or curved mirrors of different thicknesses, without requiring adjustments to be made to the equipment, minimizing the influence of diffuse reflection on the measurement.