An optical system for performing an absorption measurement of a medium sample includes a laser source configured to output a laser beam having a wavelength corresponding to an absorption region of interest; a ringdown cavity comprising a chamber configured to receive the medium sample, an input mirror at an input end, an output mirror at an output end, and an optical axis that extends through the centers of the input mirror and the output mirror; a coupling device configured to couple the laser beam through the input mirror into the chamber; and a detector optically coupled with the cavity, and configured to detect an intensity of light of the wavelength corresponding to the absorption region of interest that extends through the output mirror, wherein a cavity geometry of the cavity increases the re-entrant condition of the cavity relative to a conventional cavity comprised of two spherical mirrors.

The invention provides an optical super-resolution microscopic imaging system comprising a dichroic beamsplitter for annular parallel light to transmit through; a focusing lens used for converging the annular parallel light transmitted through the dichroic beamsplitter; a confocal pinhole for the annular parallel light after being converged to pass through to filter the annular parallel light; a varifocal lens system for collimating the annular parallel light passing through the confocal pinhole into excited annular parallel light; and a detector for receiving and processing fluorescence emitted by the excited sample, the fluorescence emitted by the excited sample being returned by the same way, and the dichroic beamsplitter separating the fluorescence emitted by the sample from an annular parallel light path and turning the fluorescence to the detector to obtain a super-resolution image of the sample.

A measuring apparatus for measuring a spectrum of a gaseous sample includes a tunable laser light source to provide an illuminating light beam, a sample cell with an inner surface to provide scrambled light that is transmitted through the gaseous sample, a detector to detect intensity of transmitted scrambled light and a pressure control system to maintain an absolute pressure of the gaseous sample smaller than 50 kPa inside the sample cell to reduce spectral widths of spectral features of the gaseous sample. The measuring apparatus measures spectral transmittance values of the sample by modulating the spectral position of the illuminating light, and detecting the intensity of the transmitted light at different spectral positions. The divergence of the illuminating light beam in a transverse direction is greater than 20° to cause multiple consecutive reflections of the scrambled light from the inner surface.

The present invention relates to a normal incidence ellipsometer and a method for measuring the optical properties of a sample by using same. The purpose of the present invention is to provide: a normal incidence ellipsometer in which a wavelength-dependent compensator is replaced with a wavelength-independent linear polarizer such that equipment calibration procedures are simplified while a measurement wavelength range expansion can be easily implemented; and a method for measuring the optical properties of a sample by using same.

A hyperspectral imaging method includes: providing time-domain synchronous mid-infrared ultrashort pulse and near-infrared ultrashort pulse as pump light and signal light, respectively; subjecting the signal light to optical time-stretching to broaden a pulse width of the signal light; directing the time-stretched signal light to a target sample to be detected; directing the pump light to a time delayer to adjust the time when the pump light reaches a silicon-based camera; spatially combining the time-stretched signal light from the target sample with the pump light from the time delayer; directing combined light to a silicon-based camera where the signal light is detected through non-degenerate two-photon absorption of the signal light under the action of the pump light to acquire hyperspectral imaging data; and obtaining an image of the target sample based on the hyperspectral imaging data.

An optical gas concentration measurement apparatus is disclosed. The optical gas concentration measurement apparatus includes a thermally insulated enclosure that has a gas sample cell situated within. A thermally-insulating, light-guiding element passes through an access port of the thermally insulated enclosure and is configured to direct light from a light source outside of the thermally insulated enclosure to the gas sample cell. A light detector outside of the thermally insulated enclosure is optically coupled to the gas sample cell and an electronic assembly outside of the thermally insulated enclosure is configured to receive information from the light detector.

A method and system for assessing the quality of at least one component of optical material which has at least one first center axis includes directing at least one light beam towards at least one detector device such that while changing the position and/or orientation of the component relative to the light beam, the light beam crosses at least from time to time the component and determining, with at least one determination device, at least one characterizing value of at least one figure of merit of the component based on analyzing, with at least one analyzing device, the dependency of a parameter of the light beam detected by the detector device on the position and/or orientation of the component.

A spectral confocal measurement device includes a light source portion, configured to emit a broad-spectrum light beam with a certain wavelength range in a first predetermined path; an optical sampling portion, configured to converge the broad-spectrum light beam emitted from the light source portion on different measurement surfaces of an object to be measured, and output a reflected light in a second predetermined path that is different from a reverse direction of the first predetermined path; and a measurement portion, configured to receive and process the reflected light from the optical sampling portion to obtain a measurement result. The device can improve measurement accuracy and reduce production costs. In addition, a spectral confocal measurement method is also provided.

The disclosed technology brings histopathology into the operating theatre, to enable real-time intra-operative digital pathology. The disclosed technology utilizes confocal imaging devices image, in the operating theatre, “optical slices” of fresh tissue—without the need to physically slice and otherwise process the resected tissue as required by frozen section analysis (FSA). The disclosed technology, in certain embodiments, includes a simple, operating-table-side digital histology scanner, with the capability of rapidly scanning all outer margins of a tissue sample (e.g., resection lump, removed tissue mass). Using point-scanning microscopy technology, the disclosed technology, in certain embodiments, precisely scans a thin “optical section” of the resected tissue, and sends the digital image to a pathologist rather than the real tissue, thereby providing the pathologist with the opportunity to analyze the tissue intra-operatively. Thus, the disclosed technology provides digital images with similar information content as FSA, but faster and without destroying the tissue sample itself.

An embodiment of a gas analyzer is described that comprises a light source configured to produce a substantially collimated first beam with a diverging angle of less than about 15 degrees; a gas cell comprising an inlet configured to introduce a gas into the gas cell, an outlet configured to remove the gas from the gas cell, and a plurality of mirrors configured to reflect the substantially collimated first beam within the gas cell; and a detector configured to generate a signal in response to the substantially collimated first beam.