An oximeter sensor system includes a light source group having a plurality of LEDs including at least a first visible light LED, a second visible light LED and an infrared LED adjacent the first visible light LED and the second visible light LED, an infrared filter disposed in front of only the first visible light LED and the second visible light LED, a light source housing having a base, one or more sidewalls and a light-emitting end where the light source housing has a frustum shape where the light source group is disposed adjacent the base and facing the light-emitting end and where the one or more sidewalls has a reflective coating thereon, a light detector disposed opposite to, spaced from and facing the light-emitting end of the light source housing, and a cuvette disposed between the light-emitting end of the light source housing and the light detector.

A medical system includes a probe, an electro-optical measurement unit, and a processor. The probe is configured for insertion into a blood vessel of a brain, and includes two optical fibers, which include each an optical diffuser at distal ends thereof. One fiber is configured to guide an optical signal to a location along the blood vessel and to diffuse the optical signal so as to interact with a brain clot in the blood vessel. The other fiber is configured to collect the diffused optical signal that interacted with the brain clot at another location along the blood vessel. The electro-optical measurement unit is configured to transmit the optical signal to one optical fiber, and to receive and measure the diffused optical signal from the other optical fiber. The processor is configured to identify a composition of the brain clot by analyzing the measured diffused optical signal.

A light sheet imaging system, such as a light sheet microscope, comprises an illumination arrangement for generating a light sheet for three-photon excitation of a fluorescent sample, and a fluorescence collection arrangement for collecting fluorescence generated in the sample as a result of three-photon excitation by the light sheet. The light sheet may be a non-diffractive, propagation-invariant light sheet. The light sheet may be formed from and/or comprise a Bessel beam. A method of light sheet imaging comprises using a light sheet for three-photon excitation of a fluorescent sample, and collecting fluorescence generated in the sample as a result of three-photon excitation of the sample by the light sheet. Such a method may be used for light sheet microscopy.

A synthetic hydrogel is described, including hydrated mucin glycoproteins cross-linked with multi-arm thiol functional cross-linker, which can be prepared to model viscoelastic and micro-rheological properties of natural mucus. Such synthetic hydrogel can be prepared from a wide variety of mucin raw materials. Also described is a method of microrheologically characterizing mucus, by dispersing in the mucus muco-inert particles (MIP), irradiating the mucus containing MIP with polarized light, and measuring fluorescence polarization (FP) resulting from rotational diffusion of the MIP in the mucus in response to such irradiating, as a microrheological characteristic of the mucus. This method can be carried out using a plate reader equipped with a spectrofluorometer and polarized filter set, and therefore can be readily carried out in clinical settings without the necessity of specialized microrheological equipment.

Provided herein is an apparatus for assessing a fluorescence characteristic of a gemstone. The apparatus comprises an optically opaque platform for supporting a gemstone to be assessed, one or more light source to provide uniform UV and non-UV illumination, an image capturing component, and a telecentric lens positioned to provide fluorescent images of the illuminated gemstone to the image capturing component. Also provided are methods of fluorescence analysis based on images collected using such an apparatus.

Disclosed is a metrology apparatus and method for measurement of a diffractive structure on a substrate. The metrology apparatus comprises a radiation source operable to provide first radiation for excitation of the diffractive structure such that high harmonic second radiation is generated from said diffractive structure and/or substrate; and a detection arrangement operable to detect said second radiation, at least a portion of which having been diffracted by said diffractive structure.

An IoT based apparatus to assess the quality of food or agricultural produce is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a frame having an enclosure, a movable tray disposed at a middle portion of the enclosure, one or more camera installed within the enclosure, one or more light source strategically mounted within the enclosure to avoid reflection and hot spots, at least one storage unit, a touch screen display and a single board computer coupled to the camera, light source, storage unit and touch screen display. The enclosure is illuminated by the light source and the camera is configured to capture the image of the produce from both the top and bottom side of the produce. A pre-trained deep learning model is used on both the top and bottom view images to identify defects in the agricultural produce. The identified defects are displayed to the user via the touch screen display.

A hand held spectrometer is used to illuminate the object and measure the one or more spectra. The spectral data of the object can be used to determine one or more attributes of the object. In many embodiments, the spectrometer is coupled to a database of spectral information that can be used to determine the attributes of the object. The spectrometer system may comprise a hand held communication device coupled to a spectrometer, in which the user can input and receive data related to the measured object with the hand held communication device. The embodiments disclosed herein allow many users to share object data with many people, in order to provide many people with actionable intelligence in response to spectral data.

An optical sensing apparatus includes a laser device, a photodetector, and a control circuit. The laser device includes a light source that emits laser light, a diffusing member having a diffusing surface that crosses an optical path of the laser light, the diffusing member making the laser light lower in intensity in a first portion, making the laser light higher in intensity in a second portion, and enlarging a beam diameter of the laser light, and a screen, and irradiates a physical object with the laser light having passed through the screen or the laser light reflected by the screen. The control circuit causes the laser device to irradiate the physical object with at least one optical pulse of the laser light and causes the photodetector to perform a time-resolved measurement of at least one reflected optical pulse of the laser light returning from the physical object.

A method of measuring a concentration of a gas in the headspace of a container is provided. The headspace contains particles and/or droplets and/or the container carries on an exterior section surrounding the headspace particles and/or droplets. The container is at least in parts transparent to electromagnetic radiation. The method comprises the steps: subjecting said headspace to input electromagnetic radiation; receiving from said headspace output electromagnetic radiation in form of transmitted and/or reflected and/or diffused input electromagnetic radiation; and generating from said received electromagnetic radiation a concentration indicative result; thereby diffusing outside the container and distant from the container said input electromagnetic radiation and/or diffusing outside the container and distant from the container said output electromagnetic radiation and/or moving said headspace with respect to said input electromagnetic radiation.