An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a multi-reflection silicon-based liquid immersion micro-channel measurement device and measurement method capable of improving measurement sensitivity by completely separating, through multi-reflection, first reflective light reflected by a sample detection layer and a second reflective light by a prism-buffer solution interface and by allowing the light to enter multiple times through the multi-reflection. The multi-reflection silicon-based liquid immersion micro-channel measurement device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure includes a micro-channel structure including a support, and one or more micro-channels formed on the support and each having a sample detection layer with a fixed bioadhesive material for detecting a sample, a sample injection unit configured to inject a buffer solution containing the sample into the micro-channel, a prism unit including a prism, and a reflection structure formed by coating a bottom surface of the prism with a mirror reflection material, the polarized light generating unit configured to generate polarized light, and the polarized light detecting unit configured to detect a polarization change of reflected light.

An optical inspector includes a time varying beam reflector, a radiating source that irradiates the time varying beam reflector, a telecentric scan lens configured to direct the radiation reflected by the time varying beam reflector onto a first surface of a transparent sample, a first detector that receives at least a portion of top surface specular reflection, a second detector that receives at least a portion of the bottom surface specular reflection. A turning mirror may also be included. The turning mirror is a switchable mirror that can be adjusted to a first position where the turning mirror reflects the top and bottom surface specular reflection, and can be adjusted to a second position where the turning mirror does not reflect the top or the bottom surface specular reflection. A first and second polarizing element may also be included to detect additional types of defects on either surface.

An attenuated total reflectance mid-infra-red crystal antifouling method for preventing or removing biofilm from an ATR-MIR crystal is disclosed herein.

A system of measuring hemoglobin and bilirubin parameters in a whole blood sample using optical absorbance. The system includes an optical-sample module, a spectrometer module, an optical fiber module optically connecting the optical-sample module to the spectrometer module, and a processor module. The optical-sample module has a light-emitting module having a LED light source, a cuvette and a calibrating-light module. The processor module receives and processes an electrical signal from the spectrometer module and transforms the electrical signal into an output signal useable for displaying and reporting hemoglobin parameter values and/or total bilirubin parameter values for the whole blood sample.

A non-dispersive multi-channel radiation sensor assembly includes a beamsplitter assembly, a first band-pass filter, which has a predefined first bandwidth and has a transmission maximum at a predefined first useful-signal wavelength, a first measurement-radiation useful-signal sensor, which is arranged downstream of the first band-pass filter in the beam path, a second band-pass filter, which has a transmission maximum at a predefined first reference-signal wavelength, a first measurement-radiation reference-signal sensor, which is arranged downstream of the second band-pass filter in the beam path. The beamsplitter assembly has a first irradiation region and a second irradiation region, in which irradiation regions the beamsplitter assembly is irradiated with measurement radiation. The irradiation regions are optically designed in such a way that the beamsplitter assembly deflects, in the first irradiation region, a first part of the measurement radiation onto the first band-pass filter and a second part of the measurement radiation onto the second band-pass filter.

This invention provides substrates for use in various applications, including single-molecule analytical reactions. Methods for propagating optical energy within a substrate are provided. Devices comprising waveguide substrates and dielectric omnidirectional reflectors are provided. Waveguide substrates with improved uniformity of optical energy intensity across one or more waveguides and enhanced waveguide illumination efficiency within an analytic detection region of the arrays are provided.

An optical gas concentration measurement apparatus is disclosed. The optical gas concentration measurement apparatus includes a thermally insulated enclosure that has a gas sample cell situated within. A thermally-insulating, light-guiding element passes through an access port of the thermally insulated enclosure and is configured to direct light from a light source outside of the thermally insulated enclosure to the gas sample cell. A light detector outside of the thermally insulated enclosure is optically coupled to the gas sample cell and an electronic assembly outside of the thermally insulated enclosure is configured to receive information from the light detector.

The present invention provides a sensor having, one or more optical slab waveguides having one or more target regions. The target regions may interact with gas molecules or trap, entrain or capture one or more targets of interest. The optical slab waveguides are adapted to receive one or more input optical beams from one or more light sources to create a plurality of propagating optical waves in optical slab waveguide. The propagating optical waves interact with said one or more target regions to create an optical output wavefront that may be in the form of a diffraction pattern. The target regions may be functionalized with an antibody, polymer, cell, tissue, or biological material.

In an endoscope system, a first actuator is configured to move a first optical member when a control signal is applied to the first actuator. A second actuator is configured to move a second optical member only when the control signal having a signal value greater than or equal to a predetermined value is applied to the second actuator. A signal source is configured to apply the control signal having the signal value greater than or equal to the predetermined value or the control signal having a signal value less than the predetermined value to the first actuator and is configured to apply the control signal having the signal value greater than or equal to the predetermined value to the second actuator.

A method of microscopy comprises collecting an emission light; symmetrically dispersing the collected emission light into a first order (“1.sup.st”) light and a negative first order (“−1.sup.st”) light using a grating; wherein the 1.sup.st light comprises spectral information and the −1.sup.st light comprises spectral information; capturing the 1.sup.st light and the −1.sup.st light using a camera, localizing the one or more light-emitting materials using localization information determined from both the first spectral image and the second spectral image; and determining spectral information from the one or more light-emitting materials using the first spectral image and/or the second spectral image; wherein the steps of localizing and obtaining are performed simultaneously. A spectrometer for a microscope comprises a dual-wedge prism (“DWP”) for receiving and spectrally dispersing a light beam, wherein the DWP comprises a first dispersive optical device and a second dispersive optical device adhered to each other.