The present disclosure provides systems, apparatuses, and methods for measuring submerged surfaces. Embodiments include a measurement apparatus including a main frame, a source positioned outside a pipe and connected to the main frame, and a detector positioned outside the pipe at a location diametrically opposite the source and connected to the main frame. The source may transmit a first amount of radiation. The detector may receive a second amount of radiation, determine a composition of the pipe based on the first and second amounts of radiation, and send at least one measurement signal. A control canister positioned on the main frame or on a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) attached to the apparatus may receive the at least one measurement signal from the detector and convey the at least one measurement signal to software located topside.

Described are system and method embodiments for measuring a thickness of a material layer using electromagnetic radiation. In some embodiments, a system includes a radiation source configured to direct first radiation towards a first surface of a layer of material having a thickness between the first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface. The first radiation causes the material layer to emit secondary radiation. A filter is positioned between the material layer and a radiation detector and in the beam path of the second radiation in order to attenuate a portion of the second radiation associated with fluorescence of the material to emit third radiation. Then, the radiation detector is configured to detect the third radiation and a controller is configured to provide a measurement corresponding to the thickness of the material layer based on the detected third radiation.

A method for measuring respective flowrates of gas phase and liquid phase in a multiphase fluid using a critical flow nozzle flowmeter. The critical flow nozzle flowmeter includes a throttling nozzle having an inlet, an outlet and a throat, and the throat has a smallest flow area for flowing fluid; a gamma ray detector, including a gamma ray emitter and a gamma ray receiver, arranged in a way allowing the gamma ray emitted by the gamma ray emitter to pass through a cross-section at the inlet of the throttling nozzle in a diametrical direction to reach the gamma ray receiver; pressure sensors respectively configured for measuring the pressure P.sub.1 at the inlet of the throttling zone and the pressure P.sub.2 at the outlet of the throttling nozzle; and a temperature sensor configured for measuring the temperature T.sub.1 at the inlet of the throttling nozzle.

A subsea apparatus and method for scanning a subsea structure to detect differences in density between different parts of the subsea structure is described. A source of gamma radiation and a plurality of detectors arranged to detect gamma radiation emitted by the source are provided. The subsea structure is positioned between the source and the detectors, and the detectors and the source rotated in a fixed relationship to each other about an axis of rotation located between the detectors and the source. The plurality of detectors are arranged in a linear array, the linear array being substantially parallel to the axis of rotation. A pixelated detector array and a source container are also disclosed.

The subject matter described herein includes methods, systems, and computer program products for measuring the density of a material. According to one aspect, a material property gauge includes a nuclear density gauge for measuring the density of a material. A radiation source adapted to emit radiation into a material and a radiation detector operable to produce a signal representing the detected radiation. A first material property calculation function may calculate a value associated with the density of the material based upon the signal produced by the radiation detector. The material property gauge includes an electromagnetic moisture property gauge that determines a moisture property of the material. An electromagnetic field generator may generate an electromagnetic field where the electromagnetic field sweeps through one or more frequencies and penetrates into the material. An electromagnetic sensor may determine a frequency response of the material to the electromagnetic field across the several frequencies.

A system for more accurate mechanical integrity testing of a borehole and cavity has a mechanical integrity testing tool suspended by a wireline from surface to a test depth. Distributed temperature and acoustic sensing systems respectively record distributed temperature and noise measurements along the wireline. First and second pressure sensors measure uphole and downhole pressures. The mechanical integrity testing tool has an interface detection device, which can have an Iridium-192 gamma ray source having a shorter half-life relative to conventional sources. The interface level, distributed temperature measurements, and uphole and downhole pressure measurements can be used to calculate the volume and/or mass of test fluid that has leaked out of the borehole and/or cavity over the test period. The acoustic sensing system can be used to detect and confirm the presence of a leak. The temperature and/or acoustic sensing systems can be used to identify the location of the leak.

The present specification provides a detector for an X-ray imaging system. The detector includes at least one high resolution layer having high resolution wavelength-shifting optical fibers, each fiber occupying a distinct region of the detector, at least one low resolution layer with low resolution regions, and a single segmented multi-channel photo-multiplier tube for coupling signals obtained from the high resolution fibers and the low resolution regions.

The present disclosure provides systems, apparatuses, and methods for measuring submerged surfaces. Embodiments include a measurement apparatus including a main frame, a source positioned outside a pipe and connected to the main frame, and a detector positioned outside the pipe at a location diametrically opposite the source and connected to the main frame. The source may transmit a first amount of radiation. The detector may receive a second amount of radiation, determine a composition of the pipe based on the first and second amounts of radiation, and send at least one measurement signal. A control canister positioned on the main frame or on a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) attached to the apparatus may receive the at least one measurement signal from the detector and convey the at least one measurement signal to software located topside.

The disclosure provides a well integrity monitoring tool for a wellbore, a method, using a nuclear tool and an EM tool, for well integrity monitoring of a wellbore having a multi-pipe configuration, and a well integrity monitoring system. In one example, the method includes: operating a nuclear tool in the wellbore to make a nuclear measurement at a depth of the wellbore, operating an EM tool in the wellbore to make an EM measurement at the depth of the wellbore, determining a plurality of piping properties of the multi-pipe configuration at the depth employing the EM measurement, determining, employing the piping properties, a processed nuclear measurement from the nuclear measurement, and employing the processed nuclear measurement to determine an integrity of a well material at the depth and within an annulus defined by the multi-pipe configuration.

A system (100) for producing analysis data indicative of presence of one or more predetermined components in a sample (110) is presented. The system includes source equipment (120) for directing a particle stream (130) towards the sample (110), detector equipment (140) for measuring a distribution of particles scattered from the sample (110) as a function of a scattering angle (), and processing equipment (170) for producing the analysis data based on the measured distribution of the scattered particles and on reference information indicative of an effect of the one or more predetermined components on the distribution of the scattered particles. The scattering angle related to each scattered particle is an angle between an arrival direction of the particle stream and a trajectory (160) of the scattered particle. The system utilizes different directional properties of scattering related to different isotopes, different chemical substances, and different isomers.