This document describes techniques and systems for in operando, non-invasive SOC monitoring of redox flow batteries. The described techniques and systems allow for accurate, inexpensive, portable, and real-time methods to measure the SOC of redox flow batteries. System operators can monitor the SOC by measuring an acoustic attenuation coefficient of the electrolyte in the redox flow battery. The acoustic attenuation coefficient is measured using an ultrasonic transducer attached to a probing cell, which is connected to an electrolyte flow of a redox flow battery. The acoustic attenuation coefficient provides an accurate, real-time SOC measurement that is generally insensitive to varying operational temperatures of the electrolyte solution.

An ultrasonic sensing apparatus includes an accommodating shell and at least one detection device. The accommodating shell includes a base and a convex portion connected to the base. A side of the base has a first detection opening toward a first direction, and a side of the convex portion has a second detection opening toward a second direction. Each of the at least one detection device is disposed in the base or the convex portion of the accommodating shell and includes a board, a piezoelectric assembly, a housing and a plurality of fixing members. The plurality of fixing members are configured to fix the board on the top wall of the housing to press the board to the encapsulating body of the piezoelectric assembly, thereby pressing the piezoelectric sheet to the bottom wall.

A device and a method for laser-inducing cavitation strengthening with multi-system automatic coordination work. The device comprises a plurality of systems, including a clamping system, a lifting system, an imaging system, a computer control system, a laser system and an energy density amplifying system, etc. The device for laser-inducing cavitation strengthening comprises a laser cavitation device and a fixing platform.

A fluid sensor including a sensing area configured to receive a fluid. The fluid sensor includes a transducer and a capacitive sensor. The transducer is configured to output an ultrasonic wave through the fluid. The capacitive sensor includes a capacitive plate configured to reflect the ultrasonic wave toward the transducer.

A device for supervising biofilm culturing, the device including: a fixed seat including an upper end; a supervision chamber; two ultrasonic sensing probes; a first mounting chamber; a second mounting chamber disposed between the fixed seat and the supervision chamber; an ultrasonic generator; an oscilloscope; and a controller. The first and second mounting chambers are disposed at two opposite ends of the supervision chamber, respectively. The two ultrasonic sensing probes are disposed in the first and second mounting chambers, respectively. The second mounting chamber is connected to the upper end of the fixed seat. The two ultrasonic sensing probes each are respectively connected to the ultrasonic generator, the oscilloscope, and the controller successively.

Provided is an ultrasonic liquid concentration detecting device including a vibrating structure, a bubble removing structure, and an ultrasonic detecting main body. The vibrating structure is disposed at the bottom of the ultrasonic detecting main body and is configured to buffer a shock received by the ultrasonic detecting main body. The bubble removing structure is disposed on the ultrasonic detecting main body and is configured to accelerate the flow rate of a liquid. The ultrasonic detecting main body is configured to detect a concentration of the liquid. Further provided are a bubble removing device and a vibrating structure for an ultrasonic liquid concentration detecting device.

An ultrasonic concentration detector and liquid feature detector, the detector includes a body, a concentration detection tube, and an ultrasonic transducer sheet; the body includes a sealed chamber and an end cap part; an opening at a first end of the concentration detection tube is encapsulated by a reflection plate, and an opening at a second end of the concentration detection tube is encapsulated by the end cap part; the reflection plate faces to an outer surface of the end cap part; and a upper side and a lower side of the concentration detection tube are provided with an upper through hole and a lower through hole respectively. The ultrasonic transducer sheet is disposed in the sealed chamber at a second end of the concentration detection tube, facing to a reflection plate.

A fluid sensor including a sensing area configured to receive a fluid. The fluid sensor includes a transducer and a capacitive sensor. The transducer is configured to output an ultrasonic wave through the fluid. The capacitive sensor includes a capacitive plate configured to reflect the ultrasonic wave toward the transducer.

An apparatus which includes a mounting, a plurality of detection means provided to detect a condition of at least one parameter indicative of presence of one or more materials in a gutter channel and data processing means. A sequence of signals are transmitted and received when the apparatus is in a detection mode, and the data processing means analyses the received signals to provide an indication if a material is detected as being present in the channel and, if detected, a type of the material. On the basis of this analysis and identification of material, a decision can be made as to whether any remedial action is required to clear the material and/or decide upon an ongoing monitoring and maintenance schedule for the guttering.

A frequency sensor comprises a surface functionalized with a reactant sensitive to an analyte and a vibration detector coupled to the functional surface to detect a frequency of a fluid having the analyte and located on the functional surface during vibration thereof. The frequency sensor comprises a measurement circuitry coupled to the vibration detector to determine a frequency shift over time of the detected frequency, wherein the frequency shift corresponds to the presence of the analyte which has reacted with the reactant.