A biosensing platform capable of high throughput mechanochemical biosensing comprising a DNA origami nanostructure having a plurality of slots into which recognition elements are strategically placed and apparatus that senses a change in the origami nanostructure in response to the introduction of a target where the apparatus includes a signal transduction unit and signal sensor which exploits mechanical signals in a recognition element which signal includes one or more mechanical tension or mechanochemical rearrangement event. The nanostructure is preferably a 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional arrangement of tiles linked by locking elements, such as aptamers that will open in response to an event such as exposure to a drug molecule, DNA, RNA or protein target.

The present invention provides methods for determining the level or status of minimal residue disease (MRD) in a multiple myeloma (MM) patient including analyzing peripheral natural killer (NK), NK-T and T cell distribution and/or activation, and quantifying inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in a biological sample obtained from an MM patient to provide a peripheral immune profile; and obtaining a level or status of MRD in the MM patient from the peripheral immune profile, wherein if the peripheral immune profile exceeds a pre-determined threshold, the MM patient is positive for MRD.

Disclosed are binding agents that include (a) a calcium binding portion which includes an F-helix peptide and a calcium binding loop peptide derived from an EF-hand motif of a calcium binding protein, wherein the C-terminus of the F-helix peptide is covalently linked to the N-terminus of the calcium binding loop peptide by a peptide bond, and (b) a targeting peptide, wherein the N-terminus of the targeting peptide is covalently linked to the C-terminus of the calcium binding portion by a peptide bond. The binding agents can be used for diagnosis and treatment of various disorders.

The present invention relates to a method for measuring the level of VEGF-A in the presence of a VEGF-A antagonist, kits comprising means for detecting VEGF-A in the presence of a VEGF-A antagonist, compositions of matter comprising a first and a second antibody suitable for detecting the level of VEGF-A in the presence of a VEGF-A antagonist, as well as methods of detecting a complex comprising human VEGF-A and a non-human or chimeric protein.

Combinations of the novel biological markers that can be used in the diagnosis of endometriosis are provided. The objective of the invention is to detect biological markers that are expressed differently in eMSCs isolated from endometrial biopsy samples in the diagnosis of endometriosis compared to healthy eMSCs. A tissue transglutaminase is configured as a biomarker for a diagnosis of an endometriosis in isolated endometrial mesenchymal stem cells derived from an endometrial biopsy and/or a menstrual blood from endometriosis patients.

Biosensors capable of detecting certain biomarkers (e.g., platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)), as well as methods of fabricating the same and methods of using the same, are provided. The biosensors can be disposable and/or label-free. Electrochemical bipolar exfoliation can be used to exfoliate, reduce, and deposit (in a single step) graphene nanosheets on a desired substrate (e.g., an electrode). Affinity aptamers can be immobilized on the graphene nanosheets disposed on the substrate.

There are numerous proteins having different in vivo effects depending on variants. In order to gain a more accurate understanding of an in vivo effect of a protein, when the protein in a sample is quantified, it is necessary to measure an amount of each variant that can be present.

Provided is a method for performing parallel quantification of variants of a protein having 2 or more variants using mass spectrometry. The method includes: protease-digesting a protein in a sample; detecting, using mass spectrometry, among peptides obtained by the protease digestion, peptides having amino acid sequences specific to the variants without separating the peptides; and determining amounts of the variants in the sample based on results of the detection.

The present invention relates to endothelial cell biomarkers and diagnostic and prognostic methods for vascular diseases, including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The invention also provides compositions for detecting endothelial cell biomarkers (e.g., endothelial cell-derived exosome biomarkers) as well as compositions and methods useful for treating vascular diseases (e.g., atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease).

Biosensors capable of detecting certain biomarkers (e.g., platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)), as well as methods of fabricating the same and methods of using the same, are provided. The biosensors can be disposable and/or label-free. Electrochemical bipolar exfoliation can be used to exfoliate, reduce, and deposit (in a single step) graphene nanosheets on a desired substrate (e.g., an electrode). Affinity aptamers can be immobilized on the graphene nanosheets disposed on the substrate.

The present invention provides methods for determining the level or status of minimal residue disease (MRD) in a multiple myeloma (MM) patient including analyzing peripheral NK, NK-T and T cell distribution and/or activation, and quantifying inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in a biological sample obtained from an MM patient to provide a peripheral immune profile; and obtaining a level or status of MRD in the MM patient from the peripheral immune profile, wherein if the peripheral immune profile exceeds a pre-determined threshold, the MM patient is positive for MRD.