Provided herein are methods, kits and reagents for analyzing attributes of engineered immune cells, such as CAR T cells. For example, provided herein are methods of determining the amount or percentage of residual TCRαβ+ CAR T cells in allogeneic CAR T cell drug product and characterizing other important attributes of CAR T cell drug product.

Epileptic seizures are difficult to diagnose and are often difficult to distinguish from several conditions with similar presentations, and therefore, diagnosis of seizures is often a long, expensive, and unreliable process. This invention provides biomarkers for identifying seizures and epilepsy, assays for measuring and assessing biomarker concentration, predictive models based on biomarkers and computational systems for detecting, assessing and diagnosing phasic and tonic changes associated with seizures and epilepsy in all clinical and healthcare settings. Diagnostic and treatment methods, systems, kits, and predictive models provided herein, provide quantitative and/or qualitative assessment in order to allow patients to proceed immediately to diagnostic and/or treatment protocols, and assess therapeutic treatment effectiveness.

A method of measuring risk assessment in a patient with appendicitis is disclosed. The method comprises: (a) measuring the TRAIL protein level in a blood sample of the patient; (b) providing a risk assessment based on the TRAIL protein level.

Methods of determining infection type are disclosed. In one embodiment, the method comprises measuring the amount of TRAIL and/or IP10 no more than two days from symptom onset.

Provided herein are methods for accommodating for sample matrix effects in light measurement assays. A selected amount of a light emitting material is added to a sample, and the light output from the sample is measured. By using an algorithm based on the known light emitting material amount and the measured light output, a correction factor for the assay of the sample is determined. The correction factor can be used to adjust subsequent light output measurements of other samples recorded using the assay.

Methods are provided to separately isolate antigen-binding T cells and antigen-activated T cells derived from a starting population of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and to identify overlapping T cell receptor clonotypes. Antigens include personal and shared neoantigens as well as cancer-testis antigens. The T cell receptor clonotypes can be further used to develop cancer treatment therapies.

The present invention relates to the quantification of various biomarkers, including MMP9 (Inflammatory marker), LOX (Lysyl oxidase), IL6 (Interleukin-6), TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha), VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) ICAM-1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1) in aqueous humor, vitreous humor, tear and serum of patients with ocular diseases. The invention further describes the role of biomarkers in the pathogenesis, progression of ocular diseases. Hence, the level of biomarkers serves as a diagnostic and/or prognostic marker in ocular diseases. The invention further relates to the use of multiple biomarkers that can be simultaneously used for testing various corneal and retinal diseases.

Provided is a nanosensor having a high dynamic range and sensitivity for detecting the presence, and/or quantifying the amount, of an analyte in a sample of interest. Also provided is a cartridge incorporating the nanosensor, and a method and system for detecting the presence, and/or quantifying the amount, of the analyte in the sample of interest.

Method of determining therapeutic drug antibodies in a sample of bodily fluid of a subject receiving a medication containing a therapeutic drug antibodies against tumor necrosis factor alpha. The method is used in an lateral flow immunochromatographic test wherein the immunochromatographic bridging and binding in the test line comprises the use of an anti-idiotypic scFv fragment or Fab fragment fused to a carrier protein which is not involved in nor plays a role in the inherent or developed immune system. The fusion protein may contain human serum albumin, chicken ovalbumin, human haptoglobin or human alpha-1- antitrypsin. The immunological reaction is therefore not impaired, augmented or interfered by members of the complement system or by autoantibodies such as the rheumatoid factor. This is of particular importance and favorable when determining the concentration of tumor necrosis alpha blockers such as adalimumab or in-fliximab in serum or blood of patients.

The present disclosure provides, in part, a method of treating an autoimmune disease in a subject by reducing the number of pDCs through administration of a human interleukin-3 (IL-3)-diphtheria toxin conjugate (DT-IL3). The disclosure also generally relates to methods of monitoring the effectiveness of therapy in subjects receiving DT-IL3 for treating an autoimmune disease, and methods of determining continuing treatment of subjects receiving DT-IL3 for treating an autoimmune disease. The disclosure also provides pharmaceutical compositions of DT-IL3 for use in such methods.