A method of determining a management course for treating a subject showing symptoms of a disease is disclosed. The method comprises measuring the TRAIL protein level in a blood sample of the subject, wherein when the TRAIL level is above a predetermined amount, the subject is treated as a low-risk patient.

The present invention provides for a new therapeutic tools capable of treating infectious diseases, in particular, a new pharmaceutical composition comprising an IgM-enriched immunoglobulin preparation for use in the adjunctive treatment of severe Community Acquired Pneumonia (sCAP).

Diagnostic devices test markers for viral infection and markers for bacterial infection to effectively assist in the rapid differentiation of viral and bacterial infections, to differentiate between colonization and active infection, and to better diagnose microbiologically unconfirmed patients. In other embodiments, detecting a presence of MxA in combination with either the bacterial biomarker C-reactive protein or the bacterial biomarker procalcitonin increases the specificity of the bacterial biomarker with a concurrent improvement in sensitivity.

The invention relates to a method for antibiotic therapy guidance, stratification and/or control in a patient suspected of having an infection. In particular, the method comprises providing a sample form said patient, determining a level of proADM or fragment(s) thereof in said sample, and wherein the level of proADM or fragment(s) thereof in said sample is indicative of whether an initiation or a change of an antibiotic treatment is required. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the method comprises additionally determining in a sample from said patient a level of PCT or fragment(s) thereof. Furthermore, the invention also relates to a kit for carrying out the method of the present invention.

The present invention is in the field of clinical diagnostics. Particularly, the present invention relates to the assessment of severity of a subject being suspected of an infection or having an infection, who may have physiological signs or increased risk factors for infection, in particular from an infectious disease by determination of the levels of Procalcitonin (hereinafter: PCT) (SEQ ID No: 1 and/or proadrenomedullin (hereinafter: proADM)) (SEQ ID No: 3) or a partial peptide or fragment thereof, in particular midregional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM) (SEQ ID No: 2), in a sample of a patient and the invention is related to a workflow hereto. Moreover, the invention refers to the assessment related to an infection like ruling out/in a patient and stratification, risk assessment, in particular to avoid rehospitalisation and hospital and post-discharge mortality.

CSF diagnostic in vitro method for the diagnosis of dementias and neuroinflammatory diseases, in which a determination of the procalcitonin immunoreactivity (PCT immunoreactivity) is carried out in a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a patient who is suffering from a dementia or neuroinflammatory disease or is suspected of suffering from such a disease. Conclusions about the presence, the course, the severity or the success of a treatment of the dementia or neuroinflammatory disease are drawn from a measured PCT immunoreactivity which is above a threshold value typical for healthy individuals.

The present invention provides for a new therapeutic tools capable of treating infectious diseases, in particular, a new pharmaceutical composition comprising an IgM-enriched immunoglobulin preparation for use in the adjunctive treatment of severe Community Acquired Pneumonia (sCAP).

The present invention provides a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to human-derived procalcitonin and application thereof. The present invention also provides a hybridoma cell line secreting the monoclonal antibody and having an accession number of CGMCC No. 10417, and a method for preparing an antibody against procalcitonin by using a procalcitonin mutant antigen as the immunogen.

The present invention relates to the identification of certain biomarkers for use in identifying patients who have, or are likely to develop an IL-33 mediated disease or disorder and who are more likely to respond to therapy with an IL-33 antagonist. The invention also relates to methods of treatment of an IL-33-mediated disease or disorder in a patient by administering an IL-33 antagonist to the patient in need thereof and monitoring the effectiveness of therapy using the biomarkers described herein. Also provided are methods for decreasing the level of at least one biomarker in a subject suffering from an IL-33-mediated disease or disorder, and methods for treating such diseases or disorders according to the expression levels of one or more biomarkers. The methods of the present invention comprise administering to a subject in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition comprising an interleukin-33 antagonist.

Diagnostic devices test markers for viral infection and markers for bacterial infection to effectively assist in the rapid differentiation of viral and bacterial infections, to differentiate between colonization and active infection, and to better diagnose microbiologically unconfirmed patients. In other embodiments, detecting a presence of MxA in combination with either the bacterial biomarker C-reactive protein or the bacterial biomarker procalcitonin increases the specificity of the bacterial biomarker with a concurrent improvement in sensitivity.