It is an object to provide a culture method which is capable of maintaining and/or culturing iPS cell-derived intestinal stem cells, while maintaining the properties of intestinal stem cells. The induced pluripotent stem cell-derived intestinal stem cell-like cells are cultured in the presence of a GSK-3β inhibitor, a histone deacetylation inhibitor, and a serum replacement, or in the presence of a GSK-3β inhibitor and a serum replacement. Preferably, the culture is carried out under conditions in which one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of an epidermal growth factor, a TGFβ receptor inhibitor and a fibroblast growth factor are further present.

A testing device for locating parathyroid glands comprises a module for receiving an aspirated sample of fluid and tissue taken from a suspected parathyroid gland. The module contains a first membrane containing an anti-parathyroid antibody conjugated to nanoparticles for receiving the aspirated sample, resulting in the formation of a sample/conjugate mixture. That mixture flows across adjacent membranes to a test location containing anti-parathyroid and an indicator for parathormone. Presence of a sufficient quantity of parathormone in the conjugate of aspirated sample reaching the test line is evidenced by a readable change in the test line appearance.

Provided are methods for detecting chromogranin A by mass spectrometry. In another aspect, provided herein are methods for quantitating chromogranin A by mass spectrometry. In another aspect, provided herein are methods for prognosis of or measuring the size of neuroendocrine tumors by mass spectrometry.

The present disclosure relates, in general, human antibodies against human parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTH1R) and methods of use of such antibodies in the treatment of cancer, Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy (HHM), or Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) and cachexia.

Disclosed are methods and systems for determining concentrations of a target molecule and a variant thereof in a sample. The sample can comprise or be suspected to comprise a target molecule and at least one variant thereof and is exposed to one or more recognition elements that bind to the target molecule and/or the at least one variant. A signal is detected that is associated with the binding of the target molecule and/or a signal is detected that is associated with the binding of the at least one variant to the one or more recognition elements. The concentration of the target molecule and/or the at least one variant thereof is determined based on the signals. The system can comprise a receiver adapted to receive a sample comprising or suspected to comprise a target molecule and the at least one variant thereof, the receiver comprising one or more recognition elements that bind to one or more epitopes in the target molecule and/or the at least one variant thereof.

Disclosed are methods and systems for determining concentrations of a target molecule and a variant thereof in a sample. The sample can comprise or be suspected to comprise a target molecule and at least one variant thereof and is exposed to one or more recognition elements that bind to the target molecule and/or the at least one variant. A signal is detected that is associated with the binding of the target molecule and/or a signal is detected that is associated with the binding of the at least one variant to the one or more recognition elements. The concentration of the target molecule and/or the at least one variant thereof is determined based on the signals. The system can comprise a receiver adapted to receive a sample comprising or suspected to comprise a target molecule and the at least one variant thereof, the receiver comprising one or more recognition elements that bind to one or more epitopes in the target molecule and/or the at least one variant thereof.

The disclosure provides an in vitro diagnostic method that is sensitive and accurate for detection and quantification of targets of interest that are associated with disease. There is an ongoing need for a highly sensitive detection system. In addition to the methods, stable complexes and kits comprising the components necessary to perform the disclosed detection methods are described.

The present invention relates to the use of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D values in ratio with PTH as a prognostic biomarker. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for predicting or stratifying the risk of worsening renal function (WRF) in a patient at risk of renal injury or affected by renal injury. Levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH).sub.2D) are measured in a biological sample and taken together with parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels to provide a ratio indicative of the risk of worsening renal function.

The present invention relates to the use of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D values in ratio with PTH as a prognostic biomarker. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for predicting or stratifying the risk of worsening renal function (WRF) in a patient at risk of renal injury or affected by renal injury. Levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH).sub.2D) are measured in a biological sample and taken together with parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels to provide a ratio indicative of the risk of worsening renal function.

Method of determining the health risk for myocardial infartion inpatients subjected to coronary angiography or suspected having an increased cardio-vascular health risk, wherein the concentration of parathyroid hormone is determined in vitro in serum or plasma sample of said patient wherein that the serum or plasma sample is contacted with beads binding oxidized parathyroid hormone and correlating the determined level of parathyroid hormone to the risk for myocardial infarction.