An anti-CD371 (anti-CLL-1) chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), engineered immune cells comprising the CAR, as well as therapeutic compositions, therapeutic methods and companion diagnostic methods are disclosed herein.

Provided are a human anti-human PLA2R antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof. The antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof includes at least one CDR sequence selected from the following amino acid sequences or amino acid sequences having at least 80% identity thereto: a heavy chain variable region CDR sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 105; and a light chain variable region CDR sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 106 to SEQ ID NO: 21.

An immunochromatography including steps of mixing an antigen-containable specimen and modified magnetic particles, which are magnetic particles modified with a substance having a specific affinity to the antigen; collecting the magnetic particles using magnetism; dissociating the modified magnetic particles to obtain an antigen-concentrated solution by mixing the collected magnetic particles with a dissociation solution, an amount of which is smaller than the antigen-containable specimen; obtaining a neutralized antigen-concentrated solution; spreading gold particle composite bodies on an insoluble carrier having a reaction site at which a second binding substance has been immobilized, in a state where the gold particle composite bodies which are composite bodies of an antigen in the neutralized antigen-concentrated solution and modified gold particles which are gold particles modified with a first binding substance are formed; capturing the gold particle composite bodies at the reaction site; and silver-amplifying the gold particle composite body.

Provided herein are affinity matured anti-galectin-9 (Gal9) antibodies. The antibodies have improved binding affinity to Gal9. Also provided herein are method of use of the affinity matured anti-Gal9 antibodies, including methods of treatment of cancer, methods of rescuing or promoting effector T cell proliferation, methods of enhancing effector T cell activity, and/or of identifying and treating cancer in a subject including the administration of the anti-Gal9 antibodies described herein. Also provided are polynucleotides encoding the heavy chain or the light chain or the antigen-binding portion thereof described herein, and vectors, especially expression vectors, including the polynucleotides described herein.