Disclosed herein are methods for diagnosing or predicting B-cell rejection in a subject. In one example, for assessing transplant rejection, the method includes determining an antigen presenting index by comparing uptake of a donor antigen to uptake of a reference antigen in a biological sample obtained from the subject. In another example, for assessing GVHD, the method includes determining an antigen presenting index by comparing uptake of a recipient antigen to uptake of a reference antigen in a biological sample obtained from the subject.

Agents that bind HVEM, inhibit HVEM-BTLA interaction and activate downstream HVEM signaling are provided. Methods of treating disease with those agents and kits comprising those agents are also provided.

Provided herein are methods of monitoring progression, regression, or stage of an AID in a subject, measuring a level of expression of a gene, an RNA, or a protein, or a combination thereof, in a sample obtained from a niche at the implantation site of a synthetic scaffold in the subject at a first time point and at a second time point, wherein the expression level measured at the first time point is compared to the expression level measured at the second time point, wherein the difference in the level of expression at the second time point relative to the level of expression at the first time point is indicative of progression, regression, or stage of the autoimmune disease. Related methods of detecting an AID, determining treatment for a subject with an AID, determining efficacy of an AID treatment, or treating an AID, are further provided.

The application provides methods of diagnosis, prognosis, prophylaxis and treatment of CD30.sup.+ cancers.

Methods are provided for determining prognosis of multiple myeloma in a patient by measuring expression of BCMA in a sample. Also provided are methods for treating multiple myeloma by measuring expression of BCMA in a sample and administering an effective amount of an antigen binding protein that binds BCMA. Also provided are kits for measuring BCMA expression in a sample.

Methods of determining infection type are disclosed. In one embodiment, the method comprises measuring the amount of TRAIL and/or IP10 no more than two days from symptom onset.

Inventors have shown that CD70 and CD27 are highly expressed in ccRCC and correlates with poor survival. Multiplex IF demonstrated that CD27+T cells interact with CD70+ tumor cells in tumor microenvironment (TME). CD27+T cells are more apoptotic than CD27−T cells in ccRCC. Elevated levels of plasma sCD27 is observed in ccRCC patients and correlates with CD27−CD70 interaction in situ. Their study demonstrates that CD27−CD70 interaction contributes to the release of sCD27 in peripheral blood in ccRCC, indicating that sCD27 is a potential biomarker. The apoptosis of CD27+T cells suggests the deleterious effect of CD27−CD70 interaction in T cell response. Therefore, CD27/CD70 is a promising therapeutic target in ccRCC. Accordingly, the invention relates to a method for determining the interaction between CD27 and CD70 by determining the level of soluble CD27 (sCD27) in a biological sample and to method of targeting CD27/CD70 interaction to treat a cancer or metastatic cancer.

The present disclosure provides antibodies that specifically bind to human OX40 receptor (OX40) and compositions comprising such antibodies. In a specific aspect, the antibodies specifically bind to human OX40 and modulate OX40 activity, e.g., enhance, activate, or induce OX40 activity, or reduce, deactivate, or inhibit OX40 activity. The present disclosure also provides methods for treating disorders, such as cancer, by administering an antibody that specifically binds to human OX40 and modulates OX40 activity, e.g., enhances, activates, or induces OX40 activity. Also provided are methods for treating autoimmune or inflammatory diseases or disorders, by administering an antibody that specifically binds to human OX40 and modulates OX40 activity, e.g., reduces, deactivates, or inhibits OX40 activity.

The presently disclosed subject matter provides antibodies that bind to B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and methods of using the same.

The invention relates to the diagnosis of stroke resulting from occlusion of one or more large vessels in the brain, and in particular to the diagnosis of stroke resulting from occlusion of one or more large vessels in the brain using one or more biomarkers.