A medical device includes a processor including hardware, the processor being configured to: acquire an imaging signal obtained by imaging an urinary bladder; generate a fluorescence image based on the imaging signal; identify a region constituted by pixels having a fluorescence intensity equal to or lower than a first fluorescence intensity from among pixels of the fluorescence image, as an insufficient heat denaturation region having an insufficient heat denaturation; identify a region constituted by pixels having a fluorescence intensity equal to or higher than a second fluorescence intensity from among the pixels of the fluorescence image, as an excessive heat denaturation region having an excessive heat denaturation; and output an output image on which the insufficient heat denaturation region and the excessive heat denaturation region are superimposed in an identifiable manner.

A surgical robotic system and method of providing simultaneous multispectral imaging are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the system includes a first and second camera assembly having one or more LEDs, one or more lens, one or more filter elements and one or more imaging sensors, the first and second camera assembly providing stereoscopic images for viewing by a user of the system. The method includes providing an image or video displaying multiple spectrums of light.

An endoscope system including first and second light sources, first, second and third optical fibers, a first optical fiber coupler, a bidirectional coupler, and an optical fiber endoscope is provided. A wavelength of light emitted by the first light source is between 400 nm and 800 nm. The first optical fiber is connected to the first light source. A wavelength of light emitted by the second light source is between 900 nm and 1700 nm. The second optical fiber is connected to the second light source. The first optical fiber coupler is connected to the first and second optical fibers. The third optical fiber is connected to the first optical fiber coupler. The bidirectional coupler is connected to the third optical fiber. The optical fiber endoscope has a first end provided with a microlens array group, and a second end connected to the bidirectional coupler.

An endoscope includes a connection portion for connecting the endoscope to a camera head; a needle assembly; a sleeve that is fixed relative to the needle assembly; a focusing optic assembly housed within the sleeve and comprising at least one optical component, the focusing optic assembly being translatable relative to the sleeve for adjusting a focus of the endoscope; and a user-engageable rotator operably coupled to the needle assembly and the sleeve to rotate the needle assembly and sleeve relative to the connection portion to adjust a view direction of the needle assembly.

An optical system includes an image forming optical system with a first and a second lens group, and forms an image of light from a subject on each of a visible light imaging element and an infrared light imaging element. The system also includes a separation optical system that separates an optical path of light passing through the image forming optical system into at least two optical paths. The first lens group includes a plurality of cemented lenses formed by bonding a lens having positive refractive power and a lens having negative refractive power, in which when p is an average linear expansion coefficient of the lens having positive refractive power at 100 C. to 300 C. and n is an average linear expansion coefficient of the lens having negative refractive power at 100 C. to 300 C., the following conditional formula |1p/n|<0.2 is satisfied.

An endoscope includes: an insertion part; an optical system ; a sensor; a first holding part; a shaft member fixed to the first holding part and extending toward a base end side relative to the first holding part; an actuator that moves the shaft member in an optical axis direction along an optical axis of the optical system; and a first restriction part that restricts a position of the shaft member in a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to the optical axis, a length of the shaft member in the first direction and that in the second direction are shorter than a diameter of a first lens, and a length between a distal end of the first restriction part and a base end of the first restriction part in the optical axis direction is longer than a length of the first lens in the optical axis direction.