The methods described herein allow for the classification of patients into groups for receiving optimized radiation treatment based on patient specific biomarker signature. The biomarker signature includes markers that have been shown to correlate with TGF-B expression and to be associated with tumor aggressiveness, radioresistance and poor prognosis. The markers play a key role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The methods described herein provide the dual benefits of anti-tumor efficacy plus normal tissue protection when combining TGF-B inhibitors with ionizing radiation to treat cancer patients.

The invention relates to an in vitro method for determining the metabolic status of a lymphoma comprising a step of determining the level of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) expression in lymphoma cells, wherein a low level of GAPDH expression is indicative of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) status. The invention also relates to an in vitro method for predicting the responsiveness of a patient afflicted with a lymphoma to a treatment with a metabolic inhibitor selected from the group consisting of mitochondrial metabolic inhibitors and glutamine metabolism inhibitors comprising a step of determining the level of GAPDH expression in lymphoma cells obtained from said patient, wherein a low level of GAPDH expression is predictive of a response to a treatment with a metabolic inhibitor.

The present invention provides a data analytic scheme for screening biomarkers for differential diagnosis of the status of Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson's disease dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and/or multiple system atrophy, the methodology implementing the same and the results of the screening thereof. Biomedical Oriented Logistic Dantzig Selector (BOLD Selector) was developed to identify candidate microRNAs and extracellular vesicle proteins effective at discerning between any two of the above mentioned disease categories from profiling results. The prediction models are finalized by establishing logistic regression formula for each pair of patient group differentiation.

Methods are provided for determining the diagnosis of whether a liver mass is a benign hepatocellular adenoma or a pre-malignant hepatocellular dysplastic nodule and/or a malignant hepatocellular carcinoma. Specific protein fragment peptides are precisely detected and quantitated by SRM-mass spectrometry directly in liver mass cells collected from liver mass tissue that was obtained from a patient suffering from the liver mass and compared to reference levels in order to determine if the liver mass is a benign growth or a pre-cancer and/or cancer.

The present invention provides methods and compositions for identifying leukemic stem cells.

The present invention is related to a method for risk detection, diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The method comprises the steps of: (1) measuring the level of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in a sample from the subject, and (2) comparing the level of GAPDH in the sample with two or more AD reference levels of GAPDH.

The methods described herein allow for the classification of patients into groups for receiving optimized radiation treatment based on patient specific biomarker signature. The biomarker signature includes markers that have been shown to correlate with TGF- expression and to be associated with tumor aggressiveness, radioresistance and poor prognosis. The markers play a key role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The methods described herein provide the dual benefits of anti-tumor efficacy plus normal tissue protection when combining TGF- inhibitors with ionizing radiation to treat cancer patients.

The present invention relates to the field of drug abuse. More specifically, the present invention provides methods and compositions for treating drug abuse by preventing GAPDH nitrosylation. In one specific embodiment, a method for preventing the stimulant and neurotoxic effects of cocaine comprises the step of administering a compound that prevents the nitrosylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) by nitric oxide (NO). In another embodiment, a method for preventing the stimulant and neurotoxic effects of cocaine comprises the step of administering a compound that prevents the binding of GAPDH to Siah.

The present invention relates to a compound for use in detecting reader and eraser proteins of lysine lipoylation. The present invention provides an affinity-based probe, referred to herein as KPlip, capable of interrogating the lipoylated peptide/protein interactions under native cellular environments. The chemical probe allows for the identification of potential regulators of lysine lipoylation, thus uncovering new biology related to lipoylation. There is also provided a method of using the compound to identifying proteins that interact with lipoylated proteins.

A method of quantifying ammonia, the method includes performing a first reaction in which a test liquid containing ammonia is reacted with adenosine triphosphate and L-glutamic acid in the presence of glutamine synthetase to produce phosphoric acid, performing a second reaction in which the produced phosphoric acid is reacted with pyruvic acid in the presence of pyruvate oxidase, and measuring a component consumed or produced by the second reaction, to quantify ammonia, wherein a reaction to produce adenosine triphosphate from adenosine diphosphate mediated by pyruvate kinase is not carried out.