The present invention refers to a method for controlling undesired vegetation at a plant cultivation site, the method comprising the steps of providing, at said site, a plant that comprises at least one nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a wild-type or a mutated protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) which is resistant or tolerant to a benzoxazinone-derivative herbicide by applying to said site an effective amount of said herbicide. The invention further refers to plants comprising wild-type or mutated PPO enzymes, and methods of obtaining such plants.

A TFT biosensor includes a gate electrode (silicon substrate), a reference electrode, and enzyme that is fixed to an insulating substrate spatially separated from the gate electrode and the reference electrode. A pH variation in the vicinity of an ion-sensitive insulating film is induced by a reaction between the enzyme and a sensing object material. The TFT biosensor can detect a concentration of the sensing object material with high sensitivity by detecting the pH variation as a threshold voltage shift of characteristics of a gate-source voltage to a source-drain current.

The invention relates to biotechnology and provides novel recombinant DNA molecules and engineered proteins for conferring tolerance to protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibitor herbicides. The invention also provides herbicide tolerant transgenic plants, seeds, cells, and plant parts containing the recombinant DNA molecules, as well as methods of using the same.

The invention relates to biotechnology and provides novel recombinant DNA molecules and engineered proteins for conferring tolerance to protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibitor herbicides. The invention also provides herbicide tolerant transgenic plants, seeds, cells, and plant parts containing the recombinant DNA molecules, as well as methods of using the same.

A microfluidic device capable of performing nondisruptive fluid manipulations in a living host is provided. The microfluidic device may include a combinatorial multiplexer for better scaling of multiple time points and biological signal measurements. The collected samples may be transported, stored and analyzed ex vivo for analytical ease and flexibility, e.g., by a sample analysis assay chip. The microfluidics device may include structure for maintaining fluid equilibrium within the host during the sampling to avoid damage to the host or to the implant.

A TFT biosensor includes a gate electrode (silicon substrate), a reference electrode, and enzyme that is fixed to an insulating substrate spatially separated from the gate electrode and the reference electrode. A pH variation in the vicinity of an ion-sensitive insulating film is induced by a reaction between the enzyme and a sensing object material. The TFT biosensor can detect a concentration of the sensing object material with high sensitivity by detecting the pH variation as a threshold voltage shift of characteristics of a gate-source voltage to a source-drain current.

A diagnostic method for the prediction of tumor prognosis including the likelihood of formation of metastases or of relapse or local recurrence in tumor related diseases in a mammal and the provision of a therapy recommendation for a patient the enzyme activity of key enzymes of the energy metabolism is determined in fresh tumor tissue or fresh tumor cell mass after 24 hours incubation in a cell culture medium. Incubation reduces nutrition, drug and biopsy/surgery effects on the energy metabolism of the tissue slices or the cell mass. The quotients of enzyme activity of anaerobic enzymes are put in ratio to the enzyme activity of aerobic enzymes or vice versa. Said ratio can be taken into account for prognosis of metastasis and a therapy recommendation.

The invention provides therapeutic compositions that contain an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) and promote sustained elevation of dihydroorotate (DHO) levels in a patient. The compositions are useful for treating disorders associated with unregulated DHODH activity, such as acute myeloid leukemia. The invention also provides methods of determining therapeutically effective doses of compositions that contain a DHODH inhibitor. The invention further provides methods of synthesis of 2-(2-halo-1-1-biphenyl-4-yl)-quinoline carboxylic acids, which are useful as DHODH inhibitors.

The invention provides methods of treating brain cancer by providing an agent that inhibits an enzyme in a metabolic pathway in a cancer cell. In some methods of the invention, the agent is an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. The invention also provides methods of determining a dosage of the therapeutic agent based on measured levels of a metabolite in the pathway.

A TFT biosensor includes a gate electrode (silicon substrate), a reference electrode, and enzyme that is fixed to an insulating substrate spatially separated from the gate electrode and the reference electrode. A pH variation in the vicinity of an ion-sensitive insulating film is induced by a reaction between the enzyme and a sensing object material. The TFT biosensor can detect a concentration of the sensing object material with high sensitivity by detecting the pH variation as a threshold voltage shift of characteristics of a gate-source voltage to a source-drain current.