The present disclosure relates to the use of host cell protein biomarkers to assess disulfide bond reduction in compositions comprising a protein of interest. In some embodiments, the disclosure relates to methods of predicting the occurrence of disulfide bond reduction or low molecular weight protein species in compositions comprising a protein of interest, wherein the expression or activity level of at least one host cell protein is measured and provides a benchmark value associated with the occurrence of disulfide bond reduction or low molecular weight species of said protein of interest. In some embodiments, the disclosure relates to methods of producing a protein of interest, wherein host cells capable of producing the protein of interest are cultured, the expression or activity level of at least one host cell protein is measured, and downstream isolation of the protein of interest is informed by the host cell protein measurements.

The present invention relates to a method for predicting a response to a treatment of an eye disease on the basis of proteome changes. The invention also relates to a kit for use the method.

The present application demonstrates that sirtuin 4 (SIRT4) acts as a cellular lipoamidase that negatively regulates pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) activity through hydrolysis of its lipoamide cofactors.

The present invention provides methods for producing disulfide oxidoreductase A (DsbA) and disulfide oxidoreductase C (DsbC) polypeptides at very high levels of purity. Also provided are ultrapure DsbA and DsbC and methods of using same, e.g., for use in immunoassays to show removal of DsbA and DsbC from biologics produced in bacteria.

The present invention discloses a method for detecting activities of a thioredoxin reductase, a detection device and an operation method therefor. The detection method comprises: solution preparation: preparing a working solution, an inhibitor solution, and a mixed agent; sample addition: adding the working solution into a control reaction cup, adding the inhibitor solution into an experimental reaction cup, and respectively adding a sample into the control reaction cup and the experimental reaction cup; incubation: putting the control reaction cup and the experimental reaction cup in a dark environment to perform incubation at a predetermined temperature for a first predetermined time; and measurement: adding the mixed agent into the control reaction cup and the experimental reaction cup and measuring the absorbance value at a predetermined wavelength for a second predetermined time. Said detection method and the detection device can achieve fully automated detection of activities of the thioredoxin reductase, being fast and efficient, and saving time and effort.

Disclosed herein are methods and compounds for treating a cancer is characterized with an elevated expression of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) or an elevated expression of peroxiredoxin (PRDX). In some embodiments, also disclosed herein are methods of selecting subjects for treatment or monitoring the treatment progress based on a biomarker panel.

This invention provides minimally invasive methods, reagents, diagnostic and prognostic markers useful for staging, prognosis and surveillance of colorectal cancers, and therapeutic intervention in individuals with colorectal cancers, or individuals who may be susceptible to developing colorectal cancers.

The present invention relates to an epidithiodioxopiperazine derivative represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 or its reduced derivative; a method for preparing a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 having improved intracellular permeability and mimicking the activity of 2-Cys-Prx in its reduced form in the cells; a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating vascular diseases comprising an epidithiodioxopiperazine compound or its derivatives or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof as an active ingredient; a drug delivery device for local administration including the pharmaceutical composition; and a pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting melanoma metastasis comprising the epidithiodioxopiperazine compound or its derivatives or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof as an active ingredient. ##STR00001##

This invention provides minimally invasive methods, reagents, diagnostic and prognostic markers useful for staging, prognosis and surveillance of colorectal cancers, and therapeutic intervention in individuals with colorectal cancers, or individuals who may be susceptible to developing colorectal cancers.

Biomarkers for pre-Diabetes, Diabetes and/or a Diabetes related conditions, and methods of their use, including the biomarkers in Tables 1 and 2 such as peroxiredoxin-2, complement C1q subcomponent subunit B, sulfhydryl oxidase 1 and apolipoprotein A-IV.