The invention relates to an epitope protection assay for use in diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic intervention in diseases, for example, involving polypeptide aggregation, such as prion infections. The methods of the invention first block accessible polypeptide target epitope with a blocking agent. After denaturation of the polypeptide, a detecting agent is used to detect protein with target epitope that was inaccessible during contact with the blocking agent. The invention also relates to novel amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-specific epitopes and their uses to make antibodies, and to the novel antibodies and uses thereof.

A dry chemical test strip with multiple layers of membranes based on concentration gradient, comprising a substrate, an indicator layer, a reagent layer and a diffusion layer, further comprises a concentration gradient layer. Wherein a first reagent is uniformly applied on the reagent layer, a second reagent is applied on the concentration gradient layer. The concentration gradient increment V of the second reagent is 0 in the width direction of the test strip, and is a constant or a function of the variable of length in the length direction of the test strip, a chromogenic reagent is uniformly applied on the indicator layer. The dry chemical test strip with multiple layers of membranes based on concentration gradient can allow all the testing and analysis procedures to be directly carried out on the test strip, test results to be directly obtained on the spot without the help of instruments.

A method including detecting a presence of at least one analyte in a sample from a subject wherein the at least one analyte is selected from the group consisting of: mesothelin, Galectin-3-binding protein, Clusterin, Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein, Osteopontin, Alpha-amylase 1, WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2, Mucin-16, GSTP1, PRDX5, TXN, PRDX6, and SOD1, and determining the subject has hydrosalpinx if the sample comprises an increased level of mesothelin, Galectin-3-binding protein, Clusterin, Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein, Osteopontin, Alpha-amylase 1, WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2, and/or Mucin-16 relative to a control, and/or a decreased level of GSTP1, PRDX5, TXN, PRDX6, and/or SOD1, relative to the control, is provided herein. The method may further include if the subject is determined to have hydrosalpinx, administering a hydrosalpinx therapy to the subject.

The invention provides an analytical method for detecting the level of activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD2, e.g. UniProtKB P04179 (SODM_HUMAN) and/or of UBR1 and/or of UBR2 in a sample originating from a patient for determining the sensitivity for, or resistance against, tumour treatment with L-asparaginase.

The present invention is directed to an antibody or an antigen-binding portion thereof having specific binding affinity to a misfolded SOD1. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising same and methods of using same are also provided.

The present invention provides a test method capable of detecting physical frailty and a measurement reagent for use in the test method. A test method for physical frailty of the present invention includes: measuring radical scavenging ability in a biological sample of a subject.

Composition and methods of diagnosing, monitoring, and treating subjects with a motor neuron pathology, such as motor neuron disorders (including but not limited to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)) and neuropathies.

The present invention relates to a method for in vitro diagnosis of Long COVID in a subject, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a) providing a biological sample obtained from the subject; b) measuring the levels of at least one protein in said sample, wherein the at least one protein is selected from Autophagy Related 4B Cysteine Peptidase (ATG4B), Mitofusin 2 (MFN2), Dynamin-related Protein 1 (DRP1), and/or Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1); and c) comparing the levels of the at least one protein measured in step b) with a respective reference, wherein an increase in the levels of the at least one protein in said sample relative to the reference is indicative of Long COVID diagnosis.