The present invention relates generally to methods and materials pertaining to assays, for example immunoassays, for biomarkers in body fluids e.g. blood. The invention also relates to diagnostic or screening methods for infections, and methods of differentiating between infectious and non-infectious conditions in mammals, particularly equines, for monitoring response to anti-infective/antibiotic therapy. The invention further relates to a test fluid collection system adapted to permit dilution and analysis of the collected test fluid. The invention further relates to monitoring exertional rhabdomyolysis in equines, and assay devices for all these things.

An object of the present invention is to provide a blood analysis method and a blood test kit, which are for performing quantitative analysis of components by precisely obtaining a dilution factor. According to the present invention, provided is a blood analysis method including a step of diluting a collected blood sample with a diluent solution; a step of determining a dilution factor by using a normal value of a normal component which is homeostatically present in blood; and a step of analyzing a concentration of a target component in the blood sample, in which the blood analysis method uses a member selected from the group consisting of a first storing instrument for storing a diluent solution, a separation instrument for separating and recovering blood plasma from the blood sample diluted with the diluent solution, a holding instrument for holding the separation instrument, a second storing instrument for storing the recovered blood plasma, and a sealing instrument for keeping the stored blood plasma within the second storing instrument, in which the diluent solution defines an amount of the normal component which is derived from the diluent solution and/or the members and may be contained in the diluent solution, and in which a volume of the blood sample is 50 L or less, and a dilution factor of a blood plasma component in the blood sample is 14 times or more.

The present invention provides a method of stratifying a patient suffering from CKD into one of stages 1-3 of CKD, comprising determining the level of the biomarkers FABP1, -GT, AST, creatinine and cystatin C in a sample obtained from the patient and comparing the level of FABP1 in the sample to a control value and the levels of -GT, AST, creatinine and cystatin C in the sample to a range of control values for each biomarker, wherein an increased level of FABP1 compared to the control value and levels of -GT, AST, creatinine and cystatin C within the range of control values for each biomarker indicate that the patient suffers from stage 1 CKD or wherein an increased level of FABP1 compared to the control value, levels of -GT and AST within the range of control values for each biomarker, and increased levels of creatinine and cystatin C compared to an upper threshold of the control range for these biomarkers indicate that the patient suffers from stage 2 or stage 3 CKD.

The present disclosure relates to acetaminophen protein adducts and methods of diagnosing acetaminophen toxicity using the acetaminophen protein adducts.

An immunoassay suitable for point of care to assess liver disease or function comprising contacting a blood sample from a subject with a specific binding agent that recognizes an epitope of ALT1, that is not recognized by rodent antibodies when the rodent antibodies are in the presence of human plasma, to form an antigen-binding agent complex and detecting the complex using a second or further binding agent linked to or comprising a detectable reporter; and detecting liver disease or liver function in the subject contingent upon the mass concentration of ALT1 in the sample. Kits or devices comprising lagomorph antibodies or binding agents comprising the antigen binding component thereof suitable for measuring the mass concentration of ALT1 in a blood sample from a subject to determine liver function.

The present disclosure relates to acetaminophen protein adducts and methods of diagnosing acetaminophen toxicity using the acetaminophen protein adducts.

This disclosure relates to the field of therapeutic tyrosine kinase inhibitors, in particular Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors for treatment of subjects with relapsing multiple sclerosis.

The present disclosure relates to acetaminophen protein adducts and methods of diagnosing acetaminophen toxicity using the acetaminophen protein adducts. The present disclosure provides acetaminophen (APAP)-protein adducts and methods of detecting acetaminophen-induced toxicity in a subject using APAP-protein adducts. One aspect of the present disclosure provides an APAP-protein adduct for diagnosing acetaminophen-induced toxicity. According to the present disclosure, the inventors have identified proteins that are modified by N-acetyl-pbenzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) in subjects with acetaminophen-induced toxicity. Non-limiting examples of proteins modified by NAPQI include betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1, cytoplasmic aspartate aminotransferase, 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme, formimidoyltransferase-cyclodeaminase, and dystrophin.

A composition, for diagnosing the possibility of onset of pancreatic cancer including an agent measuring the expression level of marker protein of diagnosing the possibility of onset of pancreatic cancer, or mRNA expression level of a gene encoding the protein, a kit including the composition, and a method of diagnosing pancreatic cancer using the maker are provided. The diagnostic markers of pancreatic cancer in accordance with the present disclosure are useful for predicting or diagnosing the onset, the possibility of onset, and the severity of pancreatic cancer in an early stage, and are also applied to a study on the tumorigenesis of pancreatic cancer. In addition, the diagnosis method of the present invention allows for the convenient detection of pancreatic cancer in a non-invasive manner in a sample such as blood.

A coupled enzyme reaction assay to measure the activity of a first enzyme in a sample taken from a patient. The reaction assay includes a test well which includes a freeze-dried mixture having two layers where the first layer includes first tethered enzyme nanobots, where each nanobot has a nanoparticle tethered to a set of second enzymes. A second layer is introduced into the test well. The set of second enzymes are adapted to react with a substrate within the test well. The first layer of the freeze-dried mixture includes second tethered nanobots formed by tethering a nanoparticle to a set of third enzymes to provide oriented immobilization of the set of the third enzymes. The third enzymes react to produce a signal for determining the amount of enzymatic activity of the first enzyme in the sample from the patient.