The present invention discloses a magnetoresistive gear tooth sensor, which includes a magnetoresistive sensor chip and a permanent magnet. The magnetic sensor chip is comprised of at least one magnetoresistive sensor bridge, and each arm of the sensor bridge has at least one MTJ element group. The magnetoresistive gear tooth sensor has good temperature stability, high sensitivity, low power consumption, good linearity, wide linear range, and a simple structure. Additionally, the magnetoresistive gear tooth sensor has a concave soft ferromagnetic flux concentrator, which can be used to reduce the component of the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet along the sensing direction of the MTJ sensor elements, enabling a wide linear range. Because it is arranged as a gradiometer, the magnetoresistive gear tooth sensor bridge is not affected by stray magnetic field; it is only affected by the gradient magnetic field generated by gear teeth in response to the permanent magnet bias. The magnetoresistive gear tooth sensor of the present invention is able to detect the position of a specific tooth or a missing tooth of a gear. This magnetoresistive gear tooth sensor is also capable of determining the speed and direction of motion of a gear.

The present disclosure relates to the estimation of a velocity of a first object using accelerometer signals, indicating an acceleration of the first object and/or a second object coupled to a first object. To this end, a characteristic frequency in the accelerometer signal spectrum may be determined, preferably by applying a parametric model or by performing a spectrum analysis, and used as a basis to estimate the velocity of the first object based on the determined characteristic frequency. The characteristic frequency may be determined by identifying the frequency having the maximum spectral amplitude or by identifying the fundamental frequency or a particular harmonic in the spectrum.

The present disclosure relates to the estimation of a velocity of a first object using accelerometer signals, indicating an acceleration of the first object and/or a second object coupled to a first object. To this end, a characteristic frequency in the accelerometer signal spectrum may be determined, preferably by applying a parametric model or by performing a spectrum analysis, and used as a basis to estimate the velocity of the first object based on the determined characteristic frequency. The characteristic frequency may be determined by identifying the frequency having the maximum spectral amplitude or by identifying the fundamental frequency or a particular harmonic in the spectrum.

A computer system comprises a sensor device configured to attach to a rotating object. The sensor device has a gyroscopic sensor that is configured to measure rotational motion on one or more planes. The sensor device detects rotational movement and generates and transmits signals that represent the rotational movement detected to a mobile computing device. The mobile computing device receives the signals and assigns timestamp values to the signals. The mobile computing device also receives object parameter information that describes object attributes. The mobile computing device generates angular velocity datasets and object datasets that describe motion or positions of the object. The mobile computing device then generates sets of graphical representations from the object datasets and displays graphs from the sets of graphical representations, where each graph displayed is obtained from a distinct set of graphical representations.

A method for locating a rail vehicle along a rail route, along which a waveguide is laid. Temporally successive electromagnetic pulses are fed into the waveguide and, for each emitted pulse, at least one back-scattering pattern generated by vehicle-induced back-scattering of the electromagnetic pulse is received and evaluated. The waveguide has at least one locating section along the rail route, in which locating section the vibration sensitivity of the waveguide and/or the vibration acting on the waveguide is greater or less than outside the locating section. The amplitude of the received back-scattering pattern is evaluated and a location signal is generated if the amplitude of the received back-scattering pattern increases or decreases over the course of time.