A non-nulling gas velocity measurement apparatus performs a non-nulling measurement of gas velocity parameters and includes: a non-nulling pitot probe; gas valves in fluid communication with a different entrant aperture of the non-nulling pitot probe via a different pressure channel; receives stagnant gas from the respective entrant aperture; receives a reference gas; receives a valve control signal; and produces a valve-selected gas based on the valve control signal, the valve-selected gas consisting essentially of the reference gas or the stagnant gas; and a plurality of differential pressure transducers, such that each differential pressure transducer: is separately and independently in fluid communication with a different gas valve, and that gas valve communicates the valve-selected gas to the differential pressure transducer; receives the valve-selected gas from the gas valve; and produces a differential pressure signal from comparison of the pressure of the valve-selected gas to a reference gas pressure.

A method for controlling operation of an opposed piston engine is provided, comprising: determining a direction of rotation of the engine; comparing the determined direction of rotation to a correct direction of rotation of the engine; and responding to the determined direction of rotation being different from the correct direction of rotation by taking corrective action.

In one embodiment, a method includes determining, by a controller, a first wind pressure associated with a first port of a first probe, determining, by the controller, a second wind pressure associated with a second port of the first probe, and determining, by the controller, a reference wind pressure associated with an end portion of the first probe. The method also includes calculating, by the controller, a first reference differential using the first wind pressure and the reference wind pressure, calculating, by the controller, a first rotational differential using the first wind pressure and the second wind pressure, and calculating, by the controller, an angular coefficient using the first reference differential and the first rotational differential. The method further includes calculating, by the controller, a wind velocity using the first reference differential and the angular coefficient. The wind velocity represents a wind velocity relative to a vehicle.

Described are a two-dimensional wind-speed and wind-direction sensor and a system thereof, relating to the field of sensing devices. The two-dimensional wind-speed and wind-direction sensor includes: an X-direction wind speed probe assembly and a Y-direction wind speed probe assembly, the X-direction wind speed probe assembly and the Y-direction wind speed probe assembly are perpendicular to each other, and the X-direction wind speed probe assembly is configured to measure a X-direction wind speed including a wind speed in the reverse direction of an X-axis, Vx−, and a wind speed in the forward direction of the X-axis Vx+; and the Y-direction wind speed probe assembly is configured to measure a Y-direction wind speed including a wind speed in reverse direction of an Y-axis, Vy−, and a wind speed in the forward direction of the Y-axis, Vy+.

In one illustrative configuration, an air quality monitoring system may enable wide-scale deployment of multiple air quality monitors with high-confidence and actionable data is provided. Further, the air quality monitoring system may enable identifying a target emission from a plurality of potential sources at a site based on simulating plume models. The simulation of plume models may take into consideration various simulation parameters including wind speed and direction. Further, methods of determining a plume flux of a plume of emissions at a site, and methods of transmitting data from an air quality monitor are disclosed.

A multi-pole annular encoder having 2N poles distributed irregularly is positioned facing a sensor that detects transitions between the poles. Times corresponding to the detected transitions are stored and the times that have elapsed between each transition and the previous transition of order 2N, which constitute durations for a complete revolution of a rotating member, are calculated. When the durations thus calculated are stable, a time that has elapsed between a tested transition and the previous transition is calculated, and a characteristic angle of the tested transition is deduced therefrom, this being proportional to a ratio between a time that has elapsed since the previous transition and a stabilized duration for a complete revolution. An index transition is identified and is used to ascertain absolute position of the encoder with respect to the sensor.

A displacement meter configured to measure a displacement of a measurement target object includes an illumination assembly configured to illuminate the measurement target object, a photoelectric conversion element array configured to detect reflected light from the measurement target object, and a calculation circuit configured to calculate an amount of the displacement of the measurement target object by using a cross-correlation function of a plurality of images acquired at different timings by the photoelectric conversion element array. The calculation circuit limits a detection range, where the calculation circuit performs processing for detecting a position indicating a peak of the cross-correlation function, to a part of an entire range of the cross-correlation function, detects the position indicating the peak in the limited detection range, and calculates the amount of the displacement based on the detected position indicating the peak.

A device for determining at least one of a speed and a length of a product. The device includes a laser for irradiating a surface of the product, a detector apparatus to detect laser radiation backscattered from the surface, a first sensor with a first transmission grid arranged in front of the first sensor and a second sensor. A first beam splitter splits laser radiation backscattered from the product into laser radiation conducted to at least one of the first sensor and to the second sensor. An evaluation apparatus determines at least one of: (i) the speed; and (ii) the length of the product. A third sensor is provided as is a second beam splitter that splits laser radiation coming from the first beam splitter to at least one of the sensors. The evaluation apparatus eliminates a direct component of the measurement signal received by the first sensor.

A rotation operation device using magnetic force, which is compact and enables a user to perform a proper operation. The rotation operation device includes a rotation operation member rotatable about a predetermined axis. A ring-shaped magnet is magnetized in a magnetization direction parallel to the predetermined axis such that magnetic poles alternate. The magnet rotates about the predetermined axis along with rotation of the rotation operation member. A first magnetic body have first tooth portions formed at predetermined intervals along a circumferential direction and extending in radial directions of the magnet. The magnet overlaps with the first tooth portions in a direction of the predetermined axis. An operating physical force is generated according to changes in positions of the magnetic poles and the first tooth portions, which are caused by rotation of the magnet.

In one illustrative configuration, an air quality monitoring system may enable wide-scale deployment of multiple air quality monitors with high-confidence and actionable data is provided. Further, the air quality monitoring system may enable identifying a target emission from a plurality of potential sources at a site based on simulating plume models. The simulation of plume models may take into consideration various simulation parameters including wind speed and direction. Further, methods of determining a plume flux of a plume of emissions at a site, and methods of transmitting data from an air quality monitor are disclosed.