All fluids, when placed within a Kukharev region at a moment of gravitational resonance, form vibrations of different frequencies within themselves. If, at the same moments of gravitational resonance, forced oscillations of the same frequency are provided as a treatment on a living organism, a double resonance is formed within the fluid, and a sharp increase in the amplitude of oscillations within the fluid formed as a result of the double resonance in turn causes the destruction of the fluid. The method is determined utilizing Kukharev region data on the particular fluid desired to be destroyed or otherwise removed from the living organism. By further fine-tuning the forced oscillation (i.e., the directed radiation), the natural oscillations of the base fluid can be further adjusted to modify the fluid's properties.

A method for determining antifouling ability of a material surface includes: (a) providing a determining device, wherein the determining device includes: a probe, wherein the probe includes a micro particle or a micro particle and a pollutant fixed on a surface of the micro particle; and a determining unit with a spring characteristic structure, wherein the probe is fixed at one end of the spring characteristic structure; (b) contacting the probe with a material surface-to-be-determined to make the micro particle itself or the pollutant on the surface of the micro particle adhere to the material surface-to-be-determined; (c) deforming the spring characteristic structure until the probe departs from the material surface-to-be-determined to recover the spring characteristic structure, and determining the level of the deformation; (d) determining the adhesion value of the probe to the material surface-to-be-determined using the deformation; and (e) determining the antifouling ability of the material surface.

This probe production method is a method of producing a probe (101) having a coating layer (104) on a surface thereof, in which the coating layer (104) is formed on a surface of a base material (103) having a sharp tip end portion (103a) using a gas phase method.

This probe production method is a method of producing a probe (101) having a coating layer (104) on a surface thereof, in which the coating layer (104) is formed on a surface of a base material (103) having a sharp tip end portion (103a) using a gas phase method.

The present invention provides an apparatus and a method for detecting the presence of and/or determining the amount of a label-free microRNA using an atomic force microscope. The method is extremely selective and/or ultrasensitive. In particular, the present invention provides a cantilever comprising a probe that selectively binds to a double strand of DNA/RNA hybrid complex. The probe comprises a hybrid binding domain (HBD) or a variant thereof.

Disclosed is an atomic force microscopy system includes a laser source configured to generate an optical probe beam containing light of different spectral light components at different optical wavelengths, a dispersive optical device positioned to receive the optical probe beam and configured to disperse the optical probe beam into different dispersed light beams that are at different optical wavelengths and are spatially separated from one another, a cantilever array including a plurality of cantilevers structured to detect a sample and configured to deflect the different dispersed light beams by moving in position based on an interaction with the sample to produce multiple deflected output beams at different output optical wavelengths from the cantilevers, and a plurality of photodetectors to receive the multiple deflected output beams of different wavelengths from the cantilevers, respectively.

Disclosed is an atomic force microscopy system includes a laser source configured to generate an optical probe beam containing light of different spectral light components at different optical wavelengths, a dispersive optical device positioned to receive the optical probe beam and configured to disperse the optical probe beam into different dispersed light beams that are at different optical wavelengths and are spatially separated from one another, a cantilever array including a plurality of cantilevers structured to detect a sample and configured to deflect the different dispersed light beams by moving in position based on an interaction with the sample to produce multiple deflected output beams at different output optical wavelengths from the cantilevers, and a plurality of photodetectors to receive the multiple deflected output beams of different wavelengths from the cantilevers, respectively.

A method of detecting one or more exosomal protein in a sample includes the steps of: a) introducing the sample on at least a part of a first sensor having a nanostructure thereon, subjecting the first sensor to an optical radiation in a certain spectral range to produce a localized surface plasmon resonance and measuring an induced phase response; and b) introducing the sample on a second sensor having a nanostructure thereon, and obtaining an image via atomic force microscopy analysis with a probe functionalized with an antibody targeting the exosomal protein. A kit for detecting at least one exosomal protein in a sample includes a first sensor having a nanostructure thereon; a second sensor having a nanostructure thereon, and a probe functionalized with an antibody targeting the exosomal protein.

Methods for detecting length polymorphisms in a DNA sample are provided. The methods include steps of amplifying a target region of the DNA in the sample, wherein the DNA sample is diluted prior to the amplifying step to provide a plurality of amplified samples in which 0 or 1 target DNA strand is amplified in each amplified sample and wherein at least one amplified sample includes 1 target DNA strand; depositing the plurality of amplified samples onto a surface; imaging the plurality of amplified samples deposited on the surface using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to determine an amplicon length distribution; comparing the amplicon length distribution to a corresponding amplicon length distribution obtained from a reference DNA sample that does not contain a length polymorphism in the target region; and detecting a length polymorphism in the target region of the DNA sample when the amplicon length distribution is distinct from the corresponding amplicon length distribution.

Methods and systems for subsurface imaging of nanostructures buried inside a plate shaped substrate are provided. An ultrasonic generator at a side face of the substrate is used to couple ultrasound waves (W) into an interior of the substrate. The interior has or forms a waveguide for propagating the ultrasound waves (W) in a direction (X) along a length of the substrate transverse to the side face. The nanostructures are imaged using an AFM tip to measure an effect (E) at the top surface caused by direct or indirect interaction of the ultrasound waves (W) with the buried nanostructures.