A visual function test device 1 is provided with a housing 10 with a peephole; a visual target display 11 accommodated in the housing 10 to display a predetermined visual target; and virtual image optics accommodated in the housing 10, the virtual image optics being optics including lenses 121, 122 for forming a virtual image of the predetermined visual target at a position visible from the peephole, the virtual image optics having an exit pupil of a predetermined dimension. The visual function test device has an eye relief of 5 cm or more. By using the visual function test device 1, a visual function test can be performed without the need to mount equipment on a subject.

A visual function test device 1 is provided with a housing 10 with a peephole; a visual target display 11 accommodated in the housing 10 to display a predetermined visual target; and virtual image optics accommodated in the housing 10, the virtual image optics being optics including lenses 121, 122 for forming a virtual image of the predetermined visual target at a position visible from the peephole, the virtual image optics having an exit pupil of a predetermined dimension. The visual function test device has an eye relief of 5 cm or more. By using the visual function test device 1, a visual function test can be performed without the need to mount equipment on a subject.

A presbyopia diagnosis apparatus includes: a measurement bar that is elongated along an axis in one direction, has a front end arranged to face the eyes of a subject for presbyopia measurement, and a rear end connected to a support, wherein a scale for measuring a distance is marked on the measurement bar; and a sliding unit that is movably installed on the measurement bar and has an installation groove formed therein, the installation groove for mounting a card for measuring presbyopia.

A presbyopia diagnosis apparatus includes: a measurement bar that is elongated along an axis in one direction, has a front end arranged to face the eyes of a subject for presbyopia measurement, and a rear end connected to a support, wherein a scale for measuring a distance is marked on the measurement bar; and a sliding unit that is movably installed on the measurement bar and has an installation groove formed therein, the installation groove for mounting a card for measuring presbyopia.

The invention provides genetic constructs and recombinant vectors comprising such constructs. The constructs and vectors can be used in gene therapy methods for treating a range of disorders, including glaucoma and deafness, or for promoting nerve regeneration and/or survival.

A subjective optometry apparatus has a projection optical system including a visual target presenting portion and an optical member to project a target light flux toward a subject eye, and causing the target light flux to be incident on the optical member with a deviation of the incident target light flux from an optical axis of the optical member, a housing accommodating the projection optical system, a presentation window for emitting the target light flux from the inside of the housing to the outside thereof, an eye refractive power measurement unit provided outside the housing, and holding means integrally connecting the housing to the eye refractive power measurement unit to hold the eye refractive power measuring unit. When using the eye refractive power measuring unit, a distance from the presentation window to the eye refractive power measurement unit in an optical path is equal to or less than 180 mm.

A subjective optometry apparatus has a projection optical system including a visual target presenting portion and an optical member to project a target light flux toward a subject eye, and causing the target light flux to be incident on the optical member with a deviation of the incident target light flux from an optical axis of the optical member, a housing accommodating the projection optical system, a presentation window for emitting the target light flux from the inside of the housing to the outside thereof, an eye refractive power measurement unit provided outside the housing, and holding means integrally connecting the housing to the eye refractive power measurement unit to hold the eye refractive power measuring unit. When using the eye refractive power measuring unit, a distance from the presentation window to the eye refractive power measurement unit in an optical path is equal to or less than 180 mm.

Disclosed herein are system and method for testing and analysis of visual acuity and changes using an acuity model, the acuity model generated based on one or more acuity chart design parameters and candidate acuity parameters calculated using the acuity test data of the subject, the acuity model comprising a chart-specific psychometric function determined using a family of multiple-optotype psychometric functions, and wherein the acuity model is configurable to estimate possibility of obtaining the acuity test data of the subject.

Disclosed herein are system and method for testing and analysis of visual acuity and changes using an acuity model, the acuity model generated based on one or more acuity chart design parameters and candidate acuity parameters calculated using the acuity test data of the subject, the acuity model comprising a chart-specific psychometric function determined using a family of multiple-optotype psychometric functions, and wherein the acuity model is configurable to estimate possibility of obtaining the acuity test data of the subject.

A vision screening apparatus includes first and second display units, a processor, and instructions which are executable by the processor. The instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to 1) carry out a photorefraction test of a subject, 2) estimate the subject's visual acuity based on the photorefraction test, 3) present the subject with a visual acuity check optotype for an interval of time, and 4) monitor for noncompliance with a visual acuity check protocol during at least part of the time interval.