The present disclosure relates generally to systems and methods for determining the refractive error of a patient, more particularly determining the patient's refractive error by using a computerized screen, and providing a prescription for the patient's preferred type of corrective lenses. In a general embodiment, the present disclosure provides a method for determining a corrective lenses prescription of a patient. The method includes, separately, for each eye of the patient, determining an astigmatism prescription for the patient via a computerized screen and without the use of a refractor lens assembly, including instructing the patient to move a known, fixed distance away from a computerized screen and testing for a cylinder component by sequentially presenting at least two cylinder diagrams to the patient via the computerized screen and enabling the patient to select at least one input per cylinder diagram, where those inputs correspond to cylinder measurements for determining the prescription.

Disclosed is an apparatus for measuring subjective ocular refraction including a display device configured to display a least one optotype and a refractive optical system arranged between an eye of a viewer and the display device, the refractive optical system having an optical power that can be varied according to a determined minimum step. The display device further includes a unit for varying optical power designed to generate a variation in the spherical and/or cylindrical optical power, such that the display device and the refractive optical system form a first image of the optotype with a first total optical power and, respectively, a second image of the optotype with a second total optical power, the variation in optical power between the first total optical power and the second total optical power being less than the determined minimum step.

Disclosed is an apparatus for measuring subjective ocular refraction including a display device configured to display a least one optotype and a refractive optical system arranged between an eye of a viewer and the display device, the refractive optical system having an optical power that can be varied according to a determined minimum step. The display device further includes a unit for varying optical power designed to generate a variation in the spherical and/or cylindrical optical power, such that the display device and the refractive optical system form a first image of the optotype with a first total optical power and, respectively, a second image of the optotype with a second total optical power, the variation in optical power between the first total optical power and the second total optical power being less than the determined minimum step.

A wavefront device produces adjustable amplitudes in optical path differences and adjustable axis orientation angles. two substantially identical wave plates have a wavefront profile of at least the third order Zernike polynomial function which are not circularly symmetric, as denoted by Z(i,j) where i≥3 and j≠0. The wave plates are mounted in rotatable mounts with their optical centers substantially aligned with each other. An subjective wavefront refraction instrument and method are provided to correct low and high order aberrations of the eye, using the adjustable wave plates that have astigmatism and higher order Zernike function optical path difference wavefront profiles.

A wavefront device produces adjustable amplitudes in optical path differences and adjustable axis orientation angles. two substantially identical wave plates have a wavefront profile of at least the third order Zernike polynomial function which are not circularly symmetric, as denoted by Z(i,j) where i≥3 and j≠0. The wave plates are mounted in rotatable mounts with their optical centers substantially aligned with each other. An subjective wavefront refraction instrument and method are provided to correct low and high order aberrations of the eye, using the adjustable wave plates that have astigmatism and higher order Zernike function optical path difference wavefront profiles.

One embodiment is directed to a system comprising a head-mounted member removably coupleable to the user's head; one or more electromagnetic radiation emitters coupled to the head-mounted member and configured to emit light with at least two different wavelengths toward at least one of the eyes of the user; one or more electromagnetic radiation detectors coupled to the head-mounted member and configured to receive light reflected after encountering at least one blood vessel of the eye; and a controller operatively coupled to the one or more electromagnetic radiation emitters and detectors and configured to cause the one or more electromagnetic radiation emitters to emit pulses of light while also causing the one or more electromagnetic radiation detectors to detect levels of light absorption related to the emitted pulses of light, and to produce an output that is proportional to an oxygen saturation level in the blood vessel.

A refraction device includes a main body, a spherical power lens coupled to the main body, an astigmatic power lens movably coupled to the main body, and a visual display coupled to the main body and oriented toward an optical pathway extending through the spherical power lens and the astigmatic power lens. The visual display is configured to display an image for testing visual acuity.

A method and system for determining visual related physical conditions of a user of a display device, determined from the user's responses to a selection of visual-tasks. A dataset is provided for correlating the user's responses with the corresponding scores, so that by measuring the degree of correlation between the user's scores and a predetermined combination of the corresponding scores, the user's visual physical condition can be determined. A system is also provided, including a user device as well as a remote server for providing visual acuity and related testing to detect certain vision deficiencies and visual related physical conditions. In addition, a user device application is provided.

A method and system for determining visual related physical conditions of a user of a display device, determined from the user's responses to a selection of visual-tasks. A dataset is provided for correlating the user's responses with the corresponding scores, so that by measuring the degree of correlation between the user's scores and a predetermined combination of the corresponding scores, the user's visual physical condition can be determined. A system is also provided, including a user device as well as a remote server for providing visual acuity and related testing to detect certain vision deficiencies and visual related physical conditions. In addition, a user device application is provided.

A method, a computer program, and a device for determining at least one astigmatic effect of at least one eye of a person are disclosed, as well as a related method for producing at least one spectacle lens for the at least one eye of the person. The method for determining the astigmatic effect includes: a) displaying an image to an eye of the person, the image including a line with a plurality of sections, wherein an orientation of each section with respect to an optical axis of the image differs from each other, respectively; b) recording a reaction of the person to the image at at least one point in time; and c) determining at least one value for at least one astigmatic effect of at least one eye of the person by evaluating the at least one reaction of the person at the point in time.