The present invention is a neutral cylinder refractor, which is a refractor that uses spherical power in combination with cylinder lenses to render them spherically neutral. Every cylinder lens in the refractor, excluding the Jackson Cross Cylinder, has corresponding spherical power added to it to neutralize the spherical equivalent of the cylindrical lenses. The invention can be used to measure the refractive error of a patient's eye, and specifically the cylinder aspect can be measured more easily due to a lack of interference from spherical equivalent.

A method for comparing first and second optical lenses such that when a control module receives a selection suggesting the first optical lens for the first time, a suggestion for the second optical lens is selected on a selection screen and no validation symbol is selected on the selection screen; when the control module receives the selection of the suggested second optical lens, the suggested first optical lens is selected on the selection screen and first and second validation symbols is selected on the selection screen, the first symbol indicating that the first and second optical lenses are identical, and the second symbol indicating that the second optical lens is better than the first optical lens; when the control module receives the selection of the suggested first optical lens for the second time or more, the suggested second optical lens is selected on the selection screen.

A method for comparing first and second optical lenses such that when a control module receives a selection suggesting the first optical lens for the first time, a suggestion for the second optical lens is selected on a selection screen and no validation symbol is selected on the selection screen; when the control module receives the selection of the suggested second optical lens, the suggested first optical lens is selected on the selection screen and first and second validation symbols is selected on the selection screen, the first symbol indicating that the first and second optical lenses are identical, and the second symbol indicating that the second optical lens is better than the first optical lens; when the control module receives the selection of the suggested first optical lens for the second time or more, the suggested second optical lens is selected on the selection screen.

A method for testing the eyes of a test person with the aid of a vision testing system as well as a vision testing system. A trial frame of the vision testing system is disposed in front of the eyes, said trial frame having at least one trial lens, at least one numerical value of an optical parameter which characterises the trial lens being recorded by means of a camera of a camera device of a display apparatus, said display apparatus being controlled by means of a control device of the vision testing system, said numerical value being identified by the control device by means of image processing, said numerical value being identified for a sphere and/or a cylinder and/or an axis and/or a prism.

A method for testing the eyes of a test person with the aid of a vision testing system as well as a vision testing system. A trial frame of the vision testing system is disposed in front of the eyes, said trial frame having at least one trial lens, at least one numerical value of an optical parameter which characterises the trial lens being recorded by means of a camera of a camera device of a display apparatus, said display apparatus being controlled by means of a control device of the vision testing system, said numerical value being identified by the control device by means of image processing, said numerical value being identified for a sphere and/or a cylinder and/or an axis and/or a prism.

A method for providing an ophthalmic lens to a wearer including: providing the wearer's astigmatism features measured at a first proximity; providing the wearer's astigmatism features measured at a second proximity, wherein the second proximity is greater than the first proximity; determining customized wearer's astigmatism features based on the combination resulting of linear combinations of the wearer's astigmatism features measured at the first proximity and of the wearer's astigmatism features measured at the second proximity; and applying the customized astigmatism features to the ophthalmic lens.

A method for providing an ophthalmic lens to a wearer including: providing the wearer's astigmatism features measured at a first proximity; providing the wearer's astigmatism features measured at a second proximity, wherein the second proximity is greater than the first proximity; determining customized wearer's astigmatism features based on the combination resulting of linear combinations of the wearer's astigmatism features measured at the first proximity and of the wearer's astigmatism features measured at the second proximity; and applying the customized astigmatism features to the ophthalmic lens.

A machine arrangement, that sequentially processes sheet-type substrates, includes a plurality of different processing stations, one of which includes a non-impact printing device that prints the substrates. Further processing stations are a primer application device that primes the substrates and a dryer for drying the primer applied to the substrates. The primer application device and the dryer precede the non-impact printing device, in the direction of travel of the substrates. The processing station including the non-impact printing device, also includes a printing cylinder, on the circumference of which, the non-impact printing device that prints the substrates is arranged.

A machine arrangement, that sequentially processes sheet-type substrates, includes a plurality of different processing stations, one of which includes a non-impact printing device that prints the substrates. Further processing stations are a primer application device that primes the substrates and a dryer for drying the primer applied to the substrates. The primer application device and the dryer precede the non-impact printing device, in the direction of travel of the substrates. The processing station including the non-impact printing device, also includes a printing cylinder, on the circumference of which, the non-impact printing device that prints the substrates is arranged.

A system for controlling at least one focus aspect of adaptive spectacles (10) having at least one electrically-tunable lens (22), the system including a housing (14), which is physically separate from adaptive spectacles (10), a display screen (16) mounted in housing (14), a sensor (19) mounted in housing (14) and configured to detect a relative position of adaptive spectacles (10) with respect to display screen (16), an interface (17) configured to communicate with adaptive spectacles (10), and a controller (15) configured to receive an input signal from sensor (19), the input signal being indicative of the relative position of adaptive spectacles (10) with respect to display screen (16) and output, in response to the input signal, a command signal for sending to adaptive spectacles (10) via interface (17) to adjust the at least one focus aspect of the at least one electrically-tunable lens (22).