A display device includes a substrate including a display area and a non-display area around the display area; and a display element layer on the substrate. The display element layer may include first and second electrodes extending in a first direction and spaced apart from each other in a second direction that is different from the first direction; a first light emitting element electrically coupled to the first and second electrodes; a first dummy electrode extending in the first direction and spaced apart from the first and second electrodes; second dummy electrodes spaced apart from each other in the first direction and spaced apart from the first electrode, the second electrode, and the first dummy electrode; and a second light emitting element electrically coupled to the first dummy electrode and the second dummy electrodes.

A method is for monitoring a ground resistance of an electric installation which consists of an ungrounded stationary alternating-voltage power supply system having at least one active conductor and of a consumer connected to the stationary alternating-voltage power supply system via a supply line. For this method, the already available active conductors of the stationary alternating-voltage power supply system and the leakage capacity of the leakage capacitor installed in the consumer are used to complete a measuring-current circuit for monitoring the ground resistance, a measuring signal being capacitively coupled between the active conductor and ground via a coupling circuit. Measuring currents and measuring voltages are measured when the consumer is switched on and off, a complex-valued load-side impedance, which has the ground resistance to be monitored in its real part, being detected from these measurements.

In an example, monitoring circuitry includes a first and a second coupling to electrically connect the monitoring circuitry to a monitored circuit having a resistance. The resistance of the monitored circuit may be indicative of a status, and the monitored circuit may be connected in series between the first and second coupling. The first coupling comprises a plurality of galvanically separated connection elements which are to form an electrical connection with a common connection element of the monitored circuit. The monitoring circuitry further comprises a monitoring apparatus to determine the resistance of the monitored circuit via the first coupling and the second coupling. The monitoring apparatus is to acquire a plurality of electrical values and to use the plurality of electrical values to determine a value of the resistance of the monitored circuit.

In a method for the determination of an electrical contact property in a contact region between a first contact element of a first plug device and a second complementary contact element of a second plug device, a property of a current path including the first contact element, the contact region, and from the second plug device only the second contact element is evaluated and an induction voltage is generated in the current path for a measurement in the current path to thereby enable to draw a conclusion about the electrical contact property.

A resistance-measuring device mountable to a component of a current-carrying transmission line. The device includes a body having a base and two arms with interconnected first ends and spaced-apart second ends. The arms define a gap therebetween. Each arm has an inner portion facing the gap. The body is displaceable to mount the body about the component and position the component within the gap. The body has an abrading mechanism mounted to the arms. The abrading mechanism has an electrically-conductive abrading element disposed along the arm and facing inwardly toward the gap. The abrading element rubs against an outer surface of the component upon displacing the body to mount the body about the component. A method is also disclosed.

A method for measuring insulation resistance in an inverter that has a DC link circuit and a bridge circuit, connected to the DC link circuit, for driving an AC current via a bridge center tap is disclosed. The method includes connecting the bridge center tap to a grounding point, successively connecting, by way of the bridge circuit, the bridge center tap that is connected to the grounding point to two points of the ungrounded DC link circuit that differ in terms of voltage, and measuring the current flowing from the two points that differ in terms of voltage to the grounding point. The two points of the ungrounded DC link circuit that differ in terms of voltage are selected from a group of points that includes at least one intermediate voltage point of the DC link circuit in addition to two end points of the DC link circuit, such that the voltages present between the two points that differ in terms of voltage and the grounding point do not exceed a predefined voltage limit value.

A method is for monitoring a ground resistance of an electric installation which consists of an ungrounded stationary alternating-voltage power supply system having at least one active conductor and of a consumer connected to the stationary alternating-voltage power supply system via a supply line. For this method, the already available active conductors of the stationary alternating-voltage power supply system and the leakage capacity of the leakage capacitor installed in the consumer are used to complete a measuring-current circuit for monitoring the ground resistance, a measuring signal being capacitively coupled between the active conductor and ground via a coupling circuit. Measuring currents and measuring voltages are measured when the consumer is switched on and off, a complex-valued load-side impedance, which has the ground resistance to be monitored in its real part, being detected from these measurements.

A measurement module receives a defined system topology and system component characteristics information for a system. The measurement module calculates an expected system impedance for the defined system topology. The measurement module collects one or more impedance measurements using a high frequency voltage stimulus. Finally, the measurement module compares the one or more impedance measurements with the expected system impedance to determine adequacy of protective grounding of the system.

A bonding apparatus according to the present disclosure includes a bonding tool that bonds a wire to a terminal, a guide member that guides the wire, a clamp made of a conductive material and capable of fixing the wire, and an electrical property measurement unit electrically connected to the clamp. The clamp is configured to be electrically connected to the wire when the wire is fixed. After the wire is bonded to the terminal using the bonding tool, the bonding apparatus carries out a tensile test for fixing the wire using the clamp and pulling the wire bonded to the terminal with a predetermined load and an electrical property test for measuring an electrical resistance of a junction between the wire and the terminal using the electrical property measurement unit.

A display device includes a substrate including a display area and a non-display area around the display area; and a display element layer on the substrate. The display element layer may include first and second electrodes extending in a first direction and spaced apart from each other in a second direction that is different from the first direction; a first light emitting element electrically coupled to the first and second electrodes; a first dummy electrode extending in the first direction and spaced apart from the first and second electrodes; second dummy electrodes spaced apart from each other in the first direction and spaced apart from the first electrode, the second electrode, and the first dummy electrode; and a second light emitting element electrically coupled to the first dummy electrode and the second dummy electrodes.