A capacitance detection area sensor includes capacitance sensor elements arranged in a two-dimensional array, is shaped into an appropriate shape, and capacitively coupled to an external electrode. To the external electrode, a sensing signal having a potential difference is supplied. The first and second sensor output signals are acquired from a capacitance sensor element capacitively coupled to the external electrode, at the timing of the sensing signal being a first signal and being a second signal, respectively. A differential signal is generated from a difference between the acquired first and second sensor output signals, and an image indicating the shape of the external electrode is generated based on the level of the differential signal, in different colors or different tones.

A capacitance detection circuit, a touch control chip and an electronic device can effectively extract a capacitance change without increasing costs of a circuit. The capacitance detection circuit includes: a CCA circuit, a first input end and a second input end of the CCA circuit are connected to a capacitance to be measured and a cancellation capacitance, respectively, a third input end of the CCA circuit is connected to a coding voltage, and a first output end and a second output end of the CCA circuit output a first current and a second current, respectively, where the cancellation capacitance is smaller than an initial value of the capacitance to be measured; a PGA circuit, two input ends of the PGA circuit are connected to two output ends of the CCA circuit, respectively.

A capacitance detection circuit that is capable of reducing the influence of an environmental variation such as temperature. The capacitance detection circuit detects an electrostatic capacitance of a sensor electrode. A sense pin is connected to the sensor electrode. An analog front end circuit converts the electrostatic capacitance of the sensor electrode to an electrical signal, wherein an input-output characteristic of the analog front end circuit is variable. A controller adjusts the input-output characteristic of the analog front end circuit according to the environmental variation.

An earth fault detection apparatus includes a switch group configured to switch between a first measurement path including a battery and a capacitor, and a second and third measurement paths including the battery, a positive/negative-side insulation resistance, and the capacitor; a reference resistance and a test switch; and a control unit calculating a first reference value based on each charging voltage in a case where the test switch is opened and the capacitor is charged, and calculating the insulation resistance with reference to a conversion map created to correspond to an electrostatic capacitance between a power supply line and ground, wherein the control unit calculates a second reference value based on each charging voltage in a case where the test switch is closed and the capacitor is charged for a shorter time, and estimates the electrostatic capacitance with reference to a predetermined test conversion map.

A ground fault detection device includes: a detection capacitor; a switch group for switching between a first charging path connecting the battery and the detection capacitor, a second charging path connecting the battery, a negative side insulation resistance and the detection capacitor, a third charging path connecting the battery, a positive side insulation resistance and the detection capacitor, and a measurement path for measuring a charging voltage of the detection capacitor; and a controller configured to calculate the insulation resistance based on a charging voltage measured value of the detection capacitor which exists after charging each of the charging paths, wherein after measurement of the charging voltage of the second charging path, the controller is configured to cause the switch group to switch to the third charging path before switching to the first charging path.

A capacitive sensor for a planar recognition of an approach of an object. The capacitive sensor includes a first planar electrode and a second planar electrode, a dielectric being situated between the first electrode and second electrode for spacing. The first electrode and the second electrode being designed to be limp and/or torsion flexible.

An information handling system includes a data radio connected to an antenna system, and a proximity sensor connected to a proximity sensor probe. An antenna controller (AC) may determine whether a capacitance measurement coarsely indicates a specific antenna configuration or a coarse fault; and configure, when the capacitance measurement indicates a coarse fault, a data radio to operate at a failsafe radio transmit power level; determine, when the capacitance measurement indicates the specific antenna configuration, whether a detail capacitance measured with respect to the antenna system indicates proper antenna configuration or an out-of-range value; configure, when the detail capacitance indicates proper antenna configuration, the data radio to operate normally; and configure, when the detail capacitance indicates an out-of-range value, the data radio to operated in a mode where a performance parameter of the data radio is particularly monitored.

A method for measuring an actuator in a projection exposure apparatus for semiconductor lithography, comprises: driving and deflecting a first actuator with a constant control signal; deflecting a further actuator by way of the mechanical coupling; and determining the capacitance of the further actuator, which was deflected by way of the coupling. A projection exposure apparatus for semiconductor lithography comprises a control device and a measuring device, wherein the measuring device is configured to determine the capacitance of at least one actuator in the projection exposure apparatus.

An electrical device includes at least one graphene quantum capacitance varactor. In some examples, the graphene quantum capacitance varactor includes an insulator layer, a graphene layer disposed on the insulator layer, a dielectric layer disposed on the graphene layer, a gate electrode formed on the dielectric layer, and at least one contact electrode disposed on the graphene layer and making electrical contact with the graphene layer. In other examples, the graphene quantum capacitance varactor includes an insulator layer, a gate electrode recessed in the insulator layer, a dielectric layer formed on the gate electrode, a graphene layer formed on the dielectric layer, wherein the graphene layer comprises an exposed surface opposite the dielectric layer, and at least one contact electrode formed on the graphene layer and making electrical contact with the graphene layer.

A touch input device capable of detecting a pressure of a touch on a touch surface may be provided. The touch input device includes: a display panel; a substrate disposed under the display panel; and a pressure sensing unit. The pressure sensing unit includes a pressure sensor and a reference pressure sensor. When a pressure is applied to the touch surface, the display panel is bent. Electrical characteristics detected at the pressure sensor change by the bending of the display panel. A magnitude of the pressure applied to the touch surface is calculated based on a difference between a reference electrical characteristic calculated from electrical characteristics detected at the reference pressure sensor and the detected electrical characteristic calculated from the electrical characteristics detected at the pressure sensor.