A method and system for determining a whole-body averaged specific absorption ratio (SAR.sub.wb) in a person comprises positioning an exposimeter on the person's body and providing a chamber forming an electromagnetic (EM) cavity and comprising a radiofrequency emitter and receiver; determining a first reverberation time of decay of EM power and a free-space incident power density in the chamber when the person is absent, and determining, a second reverberation time of decay of EM power in the chamber and a reference received power, received by the exposimeter, when the person is present in the chamber; and determining an absorption cross section of the person taking the first and second reverberation time and a volume of the chamber into account, determining a calibration factor relating a received power on the exposimeter to the SAR.sub.wb, measuring a received power using the exposimeter, and determining the SAR.sub.wb by applying the calibration factor.

The invention relates to a detection and measurement unit (30) for detecting electromagnetic interference, the detection and measurement unit (30) being configured to receive a representative digital signal (501) wherein electromagnetic interference is liable to occur. The detection and measurement unit (30) comprises a detection subunit (310) configured to compare the amplitude of the representative digital signal (501) with a first triggering threshold (S1) and a second stopping threshold (S2). The second stopping threshold (S2) corresponds to an amplitude less than that of the first triggering threshold (S1). The detection subunit (310) is furthermore configured to detect an electromagnetic pulse on each detection of the passage of the amplitude of the representative digital signal through the second stopping threshold (S2) in a falling edge after the amplitude of the representative digital signal

A radiated emission measuring device includes: an electric field measuring device and an arithmetic processing unit. The arithmetic processing unit performs: a first arithmetic process of creating at least one of an electric field distribution and an electric field strength distribution of the plurality of measurement points measured by the electric field measuring device and inputting zero to at least one of an electric field and electric field strengths at a certain point between two neighboring measurement points; a second arithmetic process of applying a digital low pass filter to at least one of the electric field distribution and the electric field strength distribution obtained in the first arithmetic process; and a third arithmetic process of specifying a position at a maximum electric field strength from at least one of an electric field distribution and an electric field strength distribution obtained in the second arithmetic process.

An electronic device may include a shaft insertable into a target area, and an electronic component configured to generate a signal. The electronic component may be on or within the shaft. The electronic device may also include at least one antenna on or within the shaft. The electronic device may also include a receiver operatively coupled to the antenna. The receiver may monitor an electrical characteristic of the antenna to identify an effect of an electromagnetic field on the electrical characteristic of the antenna. The electronic device may also include a processor communicatively coupled to the receiver. At least one of the receiver and the processor may predict an effect of the electromagnetic field on the signal generated by the electronic component, based at least in part on the effect of the electromagnetic field on the electrical characteristic of the antenna.

A peak detector circuit comprises a first output coupled to ground by a first load and to emitter terminals of first and second switching devices. A second output is coupled to ground by a second load and to emitter terminals of third and fourth switching devices. A third output is coupled to a supply voltage node by a third load and to collector terminals of the first and second switching devices. A fourth output is coupled to the supply voltage node by a fourth load and to collector terminals of the third and fourth switching devices. The first, second, third, and fourth switching devices have control terminals which are biased with a common bias voltage. The first, second, third and fourth load are selected so that R1=R2=αf*R3=αf*R4, with R1, R2, R3, R4 being a resistance of the first, second, third and fourth loads, respectively, and αf a common-base current gain of the switching devices.

A visual display of the modulation envelope of an amplitude-modulated RF electric field produced by a field analyzer comprising a field sensor for generating sequential digital samples of the field, a field processor connected to the field sensor for generating a web page, and a personal computer for retrieving and displaying the web page. By using a web page and displaying the web page on a personal computer, it is possible to carry out tasks, such as correcting for nonlinearity of a detector in the field sensor, in the personal computer where they can be performed more efficiently. The sequential samples, which represent the amplitude of the field received by the antenna, are held in a buffer memory, and a bit alignment correction circuit, responsive to the buffer memory, detects and corrects misalignment of the data bits in the buffer memory.

A method includes measuring first travelling wave power of a microwave having a single frequency peak and second travelling wave power having a single frequency peak, acquiring duty ratios of the first travelling wave power and the second travelling wave power based on measured values and a first determination threshold value, measuring third travelling wave power of a microwave having a bandwidth and fourth travelling wave power having a bandwidth, acquiring duty ratios of the third travelling wave power and the fourth travelling wave power based on measured values and a second determination threshold value, approximating a pulse width error between the first travelling wave power and the third travelling wave power and a pulse width error between the second travelling wave power and the fourth travelling wave power with linear functions, and determining the correction function based on the linear functions.

Systems, methods, and apparatus for detecting UAVs in an RF environment are disclosed. An apparatus is constructed and configured for network communication with at least one camera. The at least one camera captures images of the RF environment and transmits video data to the apparatus. The apparatus receives RF data and generates FFT data based on the RF data, identifies at least one signal based on a first derivative and a second derivative of the FFT data, measures a direction from which the at least one signal is transmitted, analyzes the video data. The apparatus then identifies at least one UAV to which the at least one signal is related based on the analyzed video data, the RF data, and the direction from which the at least one signal is transmitted, and controls the at least one camera based on the analyzed video data.

An apparatus for a mmWave RF scanner system is described that enables multiple modes of operation. The disclosed RF scanner may be configured to perform a variety of independent tasks, including antenna measurement in far-field or near-field mode, active array characterization, radome measurements, and material characterization. To achieve all proposed measurements, a nine-axis RF scanner system is disclosed. For all modes, the system may use a two-port vector network analyzer (100 kHz to 9 GHz) connected to a plurality of frequency extenders that increases the operating range from 75 GHz to 110 GHz. The system may also include a graphical user interface for autonomous operation in each mode.

In a general aspect, a system is disclosed for sensing radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic radiation. The system includes a receiver formed of dielectric material. The receiver includes a photonic crystal structure having an elongated slot disposed therein. The receiver also includes an antenna structure extending from the photonic crystal structure and configured to couple to a target RF electromagnetic radiation having a frequency in a range from 100 MHz-1 THz. A vapor or source of the vapor in the elongated slot. The system also includes a laser system configured to provide input optical signals to the elongated slot that interact with one or more electronic transitions of the vapor. The system additionally includes an optical detection system configured to detect the target RF electromagnetic radiation based on output optical signals from the elongated slot.