A system for estimating faulted area in an electric distribution system. The system includes a database storing input data, a fault detection module to estimate, based on the input data, if a new faulted area estimation process is required, a condition estimation module to estimate condition of metered protective devices, un-metered protective devices, and metered devices (PMDs), an upstream to downstream module to assess condition of each metered protective device, un-metered protective device, and metered device (PMD), starting from a feeder circuit breaker towards feeder downstream, to estimate a tripped protective device and a last metered device upstream of a fault, and a downstream to upstream module configured to assess outaged electric loads or elements towards network upstream to find the common interrupting protective device.

A voltage monitoring circuit and a semiconductor device that can reduce time required for self-diagnosis are provided. A selection circuit selects one of a determination threshold voltage for normal use, a determination threshold voltage for self-diagnosis, and a determination threshold voltage for boost having a potential difference larger than that of the determination threshold voltage for normal use. A comparison circuit detects a presence or absence of a specification violation of the voltage to be monitored by comparing a selected voltage selected by the selection circuit and the voltage to be monitored. Here, the selection circuit forcibly outputs a detection result indicating that there is a specification violation by defining the determination threshold voltage for normal use as an initial state and sequentially selecting the determination threshold voltage for self-diagnosis, the determination threshold voltage for boost, and the determination threshold voltage for normal use when the self-diagnosis is performed.

An apparatus for detecting difference in operating characteristics of a main circuit by using a replica circuit is presented. In one exemplary case, a sensed difference in operating characteristics of the two circuits is used to drive a tuning control loop to minimize the sensed difference. In another exemplary case, several replica circuits of the main circuit are used, where each is isolated from one or more operating variables that affect the operating characteristic of the main circuit. Each replica circuit can be used for sensing a different operating characteristic, or, two replica circuits can be combined to sense a same operating characteristic.

Described embodiments include a fault monitoring system comprising a fault logic circuit having a fault logic input adaptable to be coupled to sensor inputs, and first and second fault logic outputs. The fault logic circuit compares a plurality of data values provided by respective sensor inputs to respective fault thresholds, and provides respective fault signals at the first fault logic output responsive to a fault event in which a respective data value exceeds its respective fault threshold. A timer has a timer input coupled to the reset output, and a timer output. A data register has a first data register input coupled to the write control output, a second data register input coupled to the timer output, and a data register output. The data register receives fault data that includes an event identifier, a timer value, and a timer expiration indicator.

Provided is an apparatus for detecting malfunction, the apparatus detecting malfunction of a display device for displaying a charging state of a vehicle battery according to a control signal. The apparatus for detecting malfunction according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: an interrupt generation unit for generating an interrupt signal if the control signal satisfies a preset event; a voltage detection unit for detecting a voltage value of the control signal by converting an analog value of the control signal into a digital value; and a determination unit for detecting at least one among whether or not the display device has malfunction and a malfunction type on the basis of at least one among whether or not the display device operates, whether or not the interrupt signal is generated, and the voltage value of the control signal.

Provided herein may be a test circuit of an electronic device, the electronic device including the test circuit, and an operating method thereof. The electronic device may include analog circuits, a control circuit configured to connect, to an output terminal, each of a plurality of nodes respectively included in the analog circuits to an output terminal, a control signal generator configured to generate a control signal for controlling the control circuit based on an input signal received from an external device, and a switching circuit disposed on an electrical path for connecting the plurality of nodes and the control circuit to each other and configured to be electrically open during a preset time amount from a time point at which a voltage from an external power source starts to be applied to the control circuit.

The present disclosure provides a gate driving circuit, a method for detecting the gate driving circuit, an array substrate and a display apparatus. The gate driving circuit comprises a plurality of cascaded gate driving units, access units, a first signal line and a second signal line. Each access unit is connected to its corresponding gate driving unit and the gate driving unit at the next stage to its corresponding gate driving unit. The access unit corresponding to the gate driving unit at each odd stage is connected to the first signal line such that the first signal line detects an output signal from that gate driving unit via the access unit, and the access unit corresponding to the gate driving unit at each even stage is connected to the second signal line such that the second signal line detects an output signal from that gate driving unit via the access unit.

We disclose a circuit board that hosts at least first and second types of resistance sensors. The resistance of each sensor of the first type tends to increase, and the resistance of each sensor of the second type tends to decrease if the sensor is exposed to an aggressive environment. The circuit board also hosts a control circuit that operates to monitor respective resistances of the various resistance sensors and to process the digital values representing the resistances to estimate the working condition of one or more other electrical circuits located on the circuit board and/or in relatively close proximity to the circuit board in the corresponding equipment cabinet. The control circuit further operates to transmit out an appropriate alarm message if the estimated working condition is deemed unsatisfactory.

A method for diagnosing an electrical circuit including at least one electrical device, an actuator for the device controlled by a high side actuating switch and a low side actuating switch, and at least one additional switch not in series with any of the HS or LS switch, the method including: to each of the possible statuses of the circuit, giving a code; sequentially putting the circuit in at least some of these statuses for a given time period; during each of these periods, measuring voltage and/or current in different parts of the circuit and giving a code to the measurement; and establishing a diagnosis of correct functioning or of a malfunctioning of at least some elements of the circuit according to a pre-established correlation between the status codes and the measurement codes.

A method, including determining a change in an actuator impedance based on a change in an electrical property of a system of which the actuator is apart, and determining one or more system characteristics based on the change in the actuator impedance.