A semiconductor device includes: a first line; a second line that is not connected to the first line and is provided to transfer a signal having a level same as a level of a signal transferred through the first line; and another line different from the first line and the second line. In a line layer, a distance between the first line and the second line is longer than a distance between the first line and the other line, and is longer than a distance between the second line and the other line.

A test assistance device includes at least one memory configured to store instructions; and at least one processor configured to execute the instructions to; generate one or more of a test pattern in which a value of a parameter in test target-associated information is determined based on the test target-associated information indicating, so as to include the parameter, a requirement for a test defined in accordance with a test target, and generate a system requirement for a system satisfying the requirement for the test indicated by the test pattern.

A circuit debug apparatus for debugging an integrated circuit that causes a functional fault may include a processor configured to extract a scan pattern of a scan chain of the integrated circuit while the integrated circuit is in a scan mode. The scan pattern includes a plurality of logic states for a corresponding plurality of logic circuits of the integrated circuit. The processor may also be configured to apply a modified scan pattern to the integrated circuit while the integrated circuit is in the scan mode, where the modified scan pattern includes a test pattern configured to eliminate the functional fault. The processor may be further configured to determine whether the integrated circuit with the modified scan pattern produces the functional fault while the integrated circuit is in a functional mode.

A method tests a plurality of devices, each device including a test chain having a plurality of positions storing test data. The testing includes comparing test data in a last position of the test chain of each of the devices. The test data in the test chains of the devices is shifted forward by one position. The shifting includes writing test data in the last position of a test chain to a first position in the test chain. The comparing and the shifting are repeated until the test data in the last position of each test chain when the testing is started is shifted back into the last position of the respective test chain. The plurality of devices may have a same structure and a same functionality.

Aspects relate to methods and systems for reversionary flight control for an electrical vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. An exemplary system includes a pilot control, a sensor configured to sense and transmit analog control data associated with a pilot interaction with the pilot control, a pilot interface module configured to receive the analog control data, convert the analog control data to digital control data, and transmit digital control, an actuator, and a flight controller. The flight controller may be configured to receive the digital control data, determine a primary command datum as a function of the digital control data, transmit the primary command datum to the actuator, determine that the digital control signal is non-functional, receive the analog control data, determine a reversionary command datum as a function of the analog control data, and transmit the reversionary command datum to the actuator.

A margin testing device includes at least one interface structured to connect to a device under test (DUT) one or more controllers structured to create a set of test signals based on a sequence of pseudo random data and one or more pre-defined parameters, and an output structured to send the set of test signals to the DUT. Methods and a system for testing a DUT with the disclosed margin tester and other testing device are also described.

According to one or more embodiments, the semiconductor integrated circuit device includes a pattern generator, a result comparator, and a control circuit. The pattern generator supplies input data to a device-under-test. The result comparator compares output data of the device-under-test with expected value data and outputs a test result signal. The control circuit controls the pattern generator and the result comparator. The device-under-test and the result comparator are commonly connected to a first clock line. The pattern generator and the control circuit are commonly connected to a second clock line different from the first clock line.

A method includes injecting scan patterns into an input of a decompressor that distributes the scan patterns to a plurality of scan chains whose outputs are coupled to inputs of a compressor, which provides a compressed scan test result representing the plurality of scan chains. The method also includes, in response to the compressed scan test result being indicative of failure, identifying a particular scan chain of the plurality of scan chains that is responsible for the failure by a debug circuit that is coupled to the input of the decompressor and to a compressor output. The debug circuit enables an output of any single scan chain of the plurality of scan chains to be available at the compressor output while suppressing outputs of all other scan chains of the plurality of scan chains.

A method includes injecting scan patterns into an input of a decompressor that distributes the scan patterns to a plurality of scan chains whose outputs are coupled to inputs of a compressor, which provides a compressed scan test result representing the plurality of scan chains. The method also includes, in response to the compressed scan test result being indicative of failure, identifying a particular scan chain of the plurality of scan chains that is responsible for the failure by a debug circuit that is coupled to the input of the decompressor and to a compressor output. The debug circuit enables an output of any single scan chain of the plurality of scan chains to be available at the compressor output while suppressing outputs of all other scan chains of the plurality of scan chains.

Presented embodiments facilitate efficient and effective flexible implementation of different types of testing procedures in a test system. In one embodiment, a test system comprises pre-qualifying test components, functional test components, a controller, a transceiver, and a switch. The pre-qualifying test components are configured to perform pre-qualifying testing on a device under test. The functional test components are configured to perform functional testing on the device under test. The controller is configured to direct selection between the pre-qualifying testing and functional testing. The transceiver is configured to transmit and receive signals to/from the device under test. The switch is configured to selectively couple the transceiver to the pre-qualifying test components and functional test components.