A refuse vehicle including a chassis, a body assembly coupled to the chassis, the body assembly defining a refuse compartment, an electric energy system configured to store power and supply power to the refuse vehicle, and a power control system configured to measure one or more electrical attributes of the refuse vehicle and determine a power profile for the refuse vehicle, the power profile describing a length of time the refuse vehicle can continue to operate based on a remaining power of the electrical energy system, and wherein the power control system controls operation of a lift assembly of the refuse vehicle based on the power profile.

The present disclosure discloses a method for identifying a cell, including: determining, for a cell under test during a charge and discharge process, a number N of measured values of OCV and a number N of net cumulative throughputs corresponding to the number N of measured values of OCV; for an i.sup.th target cell, obtaining a number N of calculated values of OCV corresponding to the number N of measured values of OCV, and obtaining an OCV mean square error between the number N of measured values of OCV and the number N of calculated values of OCV; and determining that the cell under test is the i.sup.th target cell, when the OCV mean square error between the cell under test and the i.sup.th target cell is a minimum mean square error among a number M of OCV mean square errors.

Example embodiments of the described technology provide an apparatus for testing an electrochemical system. The apparatus may comprise a testing module electrically coupled to the electrochemical system. The testing module may comprise a discharge circuit configured to draw current from the electrochemical system at a plurality of different rates. The discharge circuit may be configured to continuously draw current from the electrochemical system once a test of the electrochemical system is commenced. The apparatus may also comprise a measurement module which may be configured to measure voltage across terminals of the electrochemical system and current drawn from the electrochemical system during the test. The apparatus may also comprise a processor. The processor may be configured to compensate at least in part the measured voltage for voltage drift which was generated by continuously drawing current from the electrochemical system. The processor may also be configured to compute a state of health of the electrochemical system based at least in part on the compensated voltage and the measured current.

A battery management system for tracking a state of charge of a battery including multiple cells including a coulomb counter (CC) estimator and an artificial intelligence (AI) estimator. The CC estimator determines a charge difference over time for tracking changes of a state of charge of each cell and updates a corresponding state of charge value. The AI estimator converts a set of sample values of a cell into an estimated state of charge for calibrating the cell. A controller may periodically invoke the AI estimator to calibrate the state of charge of each cell and to update a corresponding state of charge value. Processing by the AI estimator may be minimized by being used only to calibrate each cell before combined error of the CC estimator reaches a predetermined threshold. AI based calibration may use Long Short-Term Memories and may further incorporate voltage mean and voltage variance over time.

An in-vehicle battery management device includes a controller configured or programmed to control a charge/discharge device such that the charge/discharge device performs charge or discharge on an in-vehicle battery of an electric vehicle in a predetermined processing condition, the in-vehicle battery being connected to the charge/discharge device. The controller includes a calculator configured or programmed to calculate a degree of deterioration progress of the in-vehicle battery based on charge/discharge information in the charge or discharge; and a communicator configured or programmed to notify a predetermined notification target of the calculated degree of deterioration progress.

A processor-implemented method of estimating a state of a battery includes acquiring current information and voltage information of a battery; determining time interval values based on the acquired current information such that current integration values corresponding to the time variation values satisfy a condition; determining voltage values corresponding to the determined time interval values in the acquired voltage information; and determining state information of the battery based on the determined voltage values.

The battery residual value display device includes: a battery information receiving module; an attenuation function determining module; a second residual value determining module; a graph output module configured to output a graph of which one axis indicates residual values of a battery and another axis indicates information on an elapsed time from a time of manufacture of the battery; and a display unit. The graph output module is configured to output: in the graph, a display indicating a first residual value; a display indicating boundaries between a plurality of residual value ranks obtained by dividing the residual values in accordance with a level of a second residual value; and a display indicating boundaries between a plurality of groups, indicating types of applications in which the battery can be used, obtained by dividing the plurality of residual value ranks in accordance with the level of the second residual value.

This application provides a method and a device for estimating a remaining charging time of a battery, and a battery management system. The method includes: determining a minimum charging time of each type of battery cell at a K.sup.th charging phase based on a charge request current value of each type of battery cell at the K.sup.th charging phase; and determining the remaining charging time of the battery when the K.sup.th charging phase of any type of battery cell in the battery is a target state-of-charge phase, where the remaining charging time of the battery is a smallest one of accumulation values, each accumulation value being an accumulation of minimum charging times of a type of battery cell in the battery at all charging phases.

A battery monitoring apparatus includes an electric power supply terminal connected with a first electrical path, a voltage input terminal connected with a second electrical path, a signal control unit connected with a third electrical path, a response signal input terminal connected with a fourth electrical path, and a calculating unit. The signal control unit is configured to cause a predetermined AC signal to be outputted from a storage battery with the storage battery itself being an electric power source for the output of the predetermined AC signal. The calculating unit is configured to calculate, based on a response signal of the storage battery to the predetermined AC signal, a complex impedance of the storage battery. Moreover, at least one of the first to the fourth electrical paths is merged with at least one of the other electrical paths into an electrical path that is connected to the storage battery.

The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for estimating a battery free capacity, and more particularly, an apparatus for estimating a free capacity of a half cell of a battery. According to the present disclosure, it is possible to accurately estimate a free capacity of a half cell without inserting a reference electrode by revising an entire SOC region of a half cell by using an inflection point detected based on SOC-voltage data of a full cell and a half cell of the battery, respectively, and then estimating SOC-voltage data based on a SOC difference between the entire SOC regions before and after the revision.