A surgical stapling device includes a handle assembly, an adapter assembly, and a reload assembly that is releasably secured to the adapter assembly to facilitate replacement of the reload assembly after each use of the stapling device. The reload assembly includes an authentication chip and printed circuit board assembly that is constructed to provide electrical contacts that are self-supporting to allow for automated assembly of the electrical contacts and provide a more reliable, robust electrical connection between the electrical contacts and the chip.

A battery management system (BMS) for a vehicle includes a module for estimating the state of a rechargeable battery, such as its state of charge, in real time. The module includes a learning model for predicting the state of a battery based on the vehicle's usage and related factors unique to the vehicle, in addition to a sensed voltage, current and temperature of a battery.

A power unit operable to power equipment, the power unit including an electric motor, multiple removable and rechargeable battery packs, multiple switching elements, and a control unit. Each of the switching elements is connected between one of the battery packs and the electric motor and operate in one of an open position or a closed position. The control unit is operable to manage the position of the switching elements. The control unit is configured to determine whether one or more battery packs are supplying power for the electric motor, measure a voltage of each of the battery packs, determine whether each of the voltage measurements is within a predetermined value to each other, calculate a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal for each of the switching elements, assign each PWM signal to one of the switching elements, and apply each of the PWM signals to the assigned switching element.

Provided are a battery state measuring method and battery management system, which predict a time point when charging capacity of a battery is to be relatively abruptly reduced. The battery state measuring method includes: monitoring a change of at least one precursor related to the charging capacity of the battery with respect to a number of charging cycles undergone by the battery; and predicting that an abrupt reduction in the charging capacity of the battery is imminent when the change of the at least one precursor follows at least one pre-configured pattern of the battery that has undergone a critical number of charging cycles.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for managing a temperature of a battery energy storage system (“BESS”). A method may comprise identifying operating temperature limitations of the BESS; obtaining a forecast horizon comprising a forecast of external environmental conditions for a time period; identifying a charging/discharging schedule of the BESS; simulating operation of the BESS for the time period for each of a plurality of sequences of thermal management modes according to the charging/discharging schedule and the forecast horizon, the simulating generating an energy consumption and an operating temperature forecast of for each of the plurality of sequences of thermal management modes; selecting a sequence of thermal management modes of the plurality of sequences; and operating the equipment according to the selected sequence of thermal management modes.

Testing of a battery module can be conducted using monitoring electronics attached to the battery module. Stimulus can be applied to the battery module and removed. After removal of the stimulus, the monitoring electronics can collect signals from the monitoring electronics reflecting parameters of the battery module as it relaxes back to a non-stimulated state. The stimulus can be provided by test equipment or by components of a system in which the battery module, having attached monitoring electronics, is implemented. The monitoring electronics attached to the battery module can provide autonomous recording of signals associated with the battery module that can provide data regarding the status of the battery module or one or more batteries contained in the battery module.

Provided are a method and device for estimating the utility of replacement of a battery pack for an electric vehicle, and a charging management method and system based on the method and device. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring state data associated with a first battery pack and a second battery pack, the state data comprising usage history of the first battery pack and performance parameters of the first battery pack and the second battery pack; and determining a utility value according to the state data, wherein the utility value is used to characterize a degree of impact of an operation of replacing the first battery pack with the second battery pack on the service efficiency and service life of a battery pack set to which the first battery pack and the second battery pack belong. The method facilitates improving the service efficiency of a managed battery in a battery swap mode and extending the overall service life thereof.

A system for controlling supply of a device. The device can be a power retention device that requires to be permanently powered. To this end, it can be alternatively powered by a power supply, in a first mode, or by a battery, in a second mode. At least one sensor of the system acquires data related to the battery, such as environmental data, the voltage of the battery or the discharge current of the battery. Based on the data and at least one characteristic curve of the battery, a battery monitoring module is configured to switch between the first and second modes to improve the lifetime of the battery.

A method for calculating a short-circuit current of a battery. includes: obtaining an integral state of charge and a current state of charge of the battery; calculating a first difference based on the integral state of charge and the current state of charge; calculating the short-circuit current of the battery based on the first difference; obtaining a first real state of charge and a second real state of charge; updating the first real state of charge and the second real state of charge based on a temperature-impedance table and the short-circuit current of the battery; calculating a second difference based on the updated first real state of charge and the updated second real state of charge; and updating the short-circuit current of the battery based on the second difference.

There is provided an apparatus for diagnosing whether or not an error has occurred in battery cells, the apparatus including a voltage measurement circuit for measuring a voltage of a battery cell, a data processing circuit for calculating a target statistical value indicating a state of the battery cell based on a voltage measured by the voltage measurement circuit, and calculates a cumulative statistical value, and a diagnosis circuit that determines whether or not an error has occurred in the battery cell through a cumulative determination operation of comparing the cumulative statistical value with a cumulative reference value, and counts a number of times of cumulative error when it is determined that the error has occurred in the battery cell in the cumulative determination operation.