Various embodiments manage a fuel cell IT grid system to maintain fuel cell temperatures above a threshold temperature. The system may include power modules each including a fuel cell, DC/DC converters each connected to a power module, a DC power bus connected to the DC/DC, IT loads each connected to the DC power bus, a load balancing load connected to the DC power bus, and a control device connected to a first power module. The control device may determine whether a temperature of the first power module exceeds the temperature threshold, determine whether an electrical power output of the power modules exceeds an electrical power demand of the IT loads in response to the temperature exceeding the temperature threshold, and direct excess electrical power output to the load balancing load in response to the electrical power output exceeding the electrical power demand.

A method and apparatus for evaluating CEW performance, in particular by evaluating a battery pack condition state via direct or indirect means. A two-tier load test for a CEW battery pack and an indirect wireless spark analysis tool are disclosed.

The present invention relates to a method for determining the lifetime of an electrochemical element of a battery in real time as a function of a determined application, applicable in the field of primary type batteries. The method comprises: a step (1) of measuring at least one intensity value (I) of the current provided by the electrochemical element and of measuring at least one temperature value (T) of the electrochemical element in the determined application; a step (4) of computing total lifetime allowing the availability time of the electrochemical element to be computed on the basis of a determined initial time, as a function of the one or more current intensity value(s) (I) and of the one or more temperature values (T) measured during the measuring step (1), as a function of a determined value of the capacity of the electrochemical element, of the cut-off voltage of the determined application, and of the background current of the determined application.

A consumption meter includes a battery for energy supply and an accumulation module. The accumulation module is configured for accumulating a first quantity over a time period to obtain a first accumulated quantity. The first quantity is based on a product of at least a current drawn from the battery and a duration over which the current was drawn from the battery. The accumulation module is further configured for transmitting the first accumulated quantity at regular or irregular intervals to a battery lifetime estimation module for calculating a remaining battery lifetime on basis of a nominal battery capacity, the received first accumulated quantity and an operating time of the battery. A consumption meter system includes the consumption meter and a battery lifetime estimation module.

Various embodiments manage a fuel cell IT grid system to maintain fuel cell temperatures above a threshold temperature. The system may include power modules each including a fuel cell, DC/DC converters each connected to a power module, a DC power bus connected to the DC/DC, IT loads each connected to the DC power bus, a load balancing load connected to the DC power bus, and a control device connected to a first power module. The control device may determine whether a temperature of the first power module exceeds the temperature threshold, determine whether an electrical power output of the power modules exceeds an electrical power demand of the IT loads in response to the temperature exceeding the temperature threshold, and direct excess electrical power output to the load balancing load in response to the electrical power output exceeding the electrical power demand.

An electronic apparatus includes a motherboard, a random access memory, a motherboard battery and a processing unit. The random access memory is disposed on the motherboard. The motherboard battery is disposed on the motherboard and electrically coupled to the random access memory to supply electrical power to the random access memory. The processing unit is disposed on the motherboard and electrically coupled to the random access memory. The processing unit is configured to write a test value into an idle address register of the random access memory and further to check whether the idle address register maintains the test value. When the idle address register maintains the test value, the processing unit determines that the motherboard battery functions normally. When the idle address register reverts to an initial value, the processing unit determines that the motherboard battery malfunctions.

A method and apparatus for evaluating CEW performance, in particular by evaluating a battery pack condition state via direct or indirect means. A two-tier load test for a CEW battery pack and an indirect wireless spark analysis tool are disclosed.

The autonomous electronic module (1) includes: a cell (2) providing a supply current (I.sub.cell) to the electronic module, a resistor (2) connected in series with the cell, the resistor exhibiting terminals, elements for measuring a voltage (20) across the terminals of the resistor and elements for evaluating the charge remaining (10, 11, 12), arranged so as to process a measurement of the voltage in order to calculate the charge remaining of the cell (2).

An electronic apparatus includes a motherboard, a random access memory, a motherboard battery and a processing unit. The random access memory is disposed on the motherboard. The motherboard battery is disposed on the motherboard and electrically coupled to the random access memory to supply electrical power to the random access memory. The processing unit is disposed on the motherboard and electrically coupled to the random access memory. The processing unit is configured to write a test value into an idle address register of the random access memory and further to check whether the idle address register maintains the test value. When the idle address register maintains the test value, the processing unit determines that the motherboard battery functions normally. When the idle address register reverts to an initial value, the processing unit determines that the motherboard battery malfunctions.

The present disclosure relates to a jig for measuring a 3-electrode voltage. The jig can measure charging and discharging voltages of a secondary battery in an environment similar to that of an actually used secondary battery by minimizing air contact and electrolyte use of a battery cell. In an embodiment, disclosed is a jig for measuring a 3-electrode voltage that comprises a jig body including a receiving part for mounting a secondary battery in which an electrode assembly is accommodated inside a case. The jig also includes a jig door that opens or closes a side of the jig body in which the receiving part is located. The jig further includes a cathode electrode that is mounted to the jig body, with the cathode electrode including a part being electrically connected to a cathode electrode tab protruding from upper portion of the secondary battery mounted in the receiving part, and with a part of the cathode electrode protruding to outside of the jig. An anode electrode is mounted to the jig body, with the cathode electrode being electrically connected to a conductive member electrically connected to the case of the secondary battery, and the cathode electrode having a part protruding to outside of the jig. A reference electrode penetrates a top plate of the jig body, is inserted into an electrolyte in a core of the secondary battery mounted in the receiving part, and protrudes upward from the jig body.