A diagnostic device for a battery includes a measurement unit configured to acquire a current value and a voltage value of the battery, and a diagnostic unit configured to calculate an internal resistance value of the battery based on the current value and the voltage value acquired by the measurement unit, and diagnose the battery based on the internal resistance value. The diagnostic unit is configured to cause the battery to perform discharge at a first current value and a second current value smaller than a predetermined target current value during a first period and a second period shorter than a predetermined target period, respectively, estimate the internal resistance value when the battery is caused to perform the discharge at the target current value during the target period, and diagnose the battery.

A battery diagnosis device includes: one or more sensors which measure at least one of a current value, a voltage value, and a temperature value of a battery; a first determination unit which acquires, from the sensor, at least one of measured values of the current value, the voltage value, and the temperature value of the battery, and determines a state of the battery by using a first method, based on the acquired measured values; a second determination unit which acquires, from the sensor, at least one of measured values of the current value, the voltage value, and the temperature value of the battery, and determines the state of the battery by using a second method different from the first method, based on the acquired measured values; and a diagnosis unit which diagnoses the battery, based on determination results of the first determination unit and the second determination unit.

A modified battery cell for simulating failure conditions includes a multiple layer electrical cell. A transistor having a source, a gate, and a drain is positioned in the cell. A controllable voltage source is provided, joined to the gate and source of the transistor. The transistor source is further joined to a first location within said electrical cell multiple layers, and the transistor drain is electrically joined to a second location within said electrical cell multiple layers. Voltage from the controllable voltage source can reduce resistance between said transistor source and said transistor drain for simulating a fault condition between the first location and the second location.

An electronic load apparatus is provided and adapted to allow an enhanced driving circuit to be disposed between a voltage-dividing circuit and power components to ensure the driving capability of the power components not coupled to a control circuit to thereby adjust a response voltage quickly, shorten a response time period and thus increase overall response speed, suppress transient voltage variation and thus preclude a signal delay otherwise arising from a load circuit, allow the power components series-connected in an electronic load apparatus to be driven quickly, reduce the risk of damaging the power components, and enhance the stability and reliability of the electronic load apparatus.

A diagnostic device for a battery includes a measurement unit configured to acquire a current value and a voltage value of the battery, and a diagnostic unit configured to calculate an internal resistance value of the battery based on the current value and the voltage value acquired by the measurement unit, and diagnose the battery based on the internal resistance value. The diagnostic unit is configured to cause the battery to perform discharge at a first current value and a second current value smaller than a predetermined target current value during a first period and a second period shorter than a predetermined target period, respectively, estimate the internal resistance value when the battery is caused to perform the discharge at the target current value during the target period, and diagnose the battery.

A battery maintenance device for performing maintenance on a battery pack of an automotive vehicle powered by the battery pack includes communication circuitry configured to retrieve information related to condition of batteries/cells of the battery pack obtained using sensors in the battery pack. Measurement circuitry couples to batteries/cells of the battery pack and obtains measurement information related to a measured condition of batteries/cells of the battery pack. A controller verifies operation of the sensors in the battery pack by comparing the retrieved information with the measurement and provides a comparison output. Output circuitry outputs an indication of a failing sensor in the battery pack based upon the comparison output.

A monitoring method includes, among other things, within a vehicle, providing a first electrical system with an auxiliary battery, and a second electrical system with a primary battery. The method further includes electrically coupling the first electrical system to the second electrical system, electrically loading the auxiliary battery and the primary battery, and comparing an electrical parameter of the auxiliary battery to a threshold value to assess a state of the auxiliary battery.

Provided is a high areal capacity loading electrode that includes: a metal current collector; and an active material layer on the metal current collector, wherein the electrode has high areal capacity loading of greater than or equal to about 2.0 mAh/cm.sup.2, and the electrode is perforated with holes spaced from each other at an average distance ranging from about 70 m to about 900 m. An energy storage device including the high loading electrode is also provided.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems and methods for extending the operational life of battery-operated devices, such as an Internet-of-Things device, by adapting the device to monitor its' own battery condition, and in response to detecting conditions indicating passivation of the battery, execute a refresh cycle to restore battery capacity. In this way, the battery can be refreshed by running a series of oxidation burn off cycles periodically during the device's lifetime.

In a DC impedance measurement routine for a battery the current load from a source is initially set to a low setting. The system waits for a set time in this state for the voltage readings to stabilize. Once the voltage is stable at the low current setting, the current setting is changed to a high value and the voltage is read quickly. Then the current load is set back to the low setting immediately after the reading is made. Several consecutive measurements are performed by repeating the steps above. A DC impedance measurement system that can be used to carry out the measurement routine. A multi-battery system can be monitored via a DC impedance measurement system and the routine being performed on each battery.