A method and system for estimating state of charge of a lithium battery cell of a vehicle is provided. The method comprises providing a non-linear function of the lithium battery cell, a normalized lithium surface density and an actual voltage at a current of the lithium battery cell having an internal resistance. The method further comprises determining an actual lithium surface density based on the actual voltage relative to an inverse of the non-linear function. The method further comprises determining a varying parameter based on the actual lithium surface density relative to a first diffusion model. The method further comprises determining a predicted lithium surface density based on the varying parameter relative to a second diffusion model. The method further comprises determining an estimated state of charge of the lithium battery cell when a difference between the predicted and actual lithium surface densities is less than a first threshold.

A method and system for estimating state of charge of a lithium battery cell of a vehicle is provided. The method comprises providing a non-linear function of the lithium battery cell, a normalized lithium surface density and an actual voltage at a current of the lithium battery cell having an internal resistance. The method further comprises determining an actual lithium surface density based on the actual voltage relative to an inverse of the non-linear function. The method further comprises determining a varying parameter based on the actual lithium surface density relative to a first diffusion model. The method further comprises determining a predicted lithium surface density based on the varying parameter relative to a second diffusion model. The method further comprises determining an estimated state of charge of the lithium battery cell when a difference between the predicted and actual lithium surface densities is less than a first threshold.

Embodiments of this application relate to the technical field of batteries, and in particular, to a state-of-charge cut-off control method, apparatus and system, and a storage medium. The method includes: obtaining, in a discharging process of a battery, a net discharge capacity of a first battery cell from being fully charged to current time; obtaining an available capacity and a state of health of the first battery cell; obtaining a current remaining dischargeable capacity of the first battery cell; and setting a state of charge SOC of the first battery cell to 0.

Embodiments of this application relate to the technical field of batteries, and in particular, to a state-of-charge cut-off control method, apparatus and system, and a storage medium. The method includes: obtaining, in a discharging process of a battery, a net discharge capacity of a first battery cell from being fully charged to current time; obtaining an available capacity and a state of health of the first battery cell; obtaining a current remaining dischargeable capacity of the first battery cell; and setting a state of charge SOC of the first battery cell to 0.

Provided is a method of calculating a resistance and a capacitance of an energy storage system, including a current application step of applying a predetermined current having a constant value to the energy storage system; a first voltage measurement step of measuring a voltage of the energy storage system while the predetermined current is applied to the energy storage system; a second voltage measurement step of measuring a voltage of the energy storage system after breaking the predetermined current applied to the energy storage system; and a step of calculating a resistance (R) and a capacitance (C) of the energy storage system based on the voltage of the energy storage system measured in the first voltage measurement step, the voltage of the energy storage system measured in the second voltage measurement step, and the predetermined current having the constant value.

Provided is a method of calculating a resistance and a capacitance of an energy storage system, including a current application step of applying a predetermined current having a constant value to the energy storage system; a first voltage measurement step of measuring a voltage of the energy storage system while the predetermined current is applied to the energy storage system; a second voltage measurement step of measuring a voltage of the energy storage system after breaking the predetermined current applied to the energy storage system; and a step of calculating a resistance (R) and a capacitance (C) of the energy storage system based on the voltage of the energy storage system measured in the first voltage measurement step, the voltage of the energy storage system measured in the second voltage measurement step, and the predetermined current having the constant value.

The invention relates to a method performed by a device for determining an action to be taken based on forecasted EoL parameters for an electric ESS and for an at least partly electric vehicle in which the electric ESS is comprised. The device obtains at least one ESS parameter impacted by utilization of the at least one electric vehicle and obtains at least one vehicle parameter impacted by utilization of the at least one electric vehicle. The device determines a forecasted EoL vehicle parameter based on the at least one vehicle parameter and a forecasted EoL ESS parameter based on the at least one ESS parameter. The device compares the forecasted EoL ESS parameter and the forecasted EoL vehicle parameter and determines the action to be taken based on a result of the comparing.

The invention relates to a method performed by a device for determining an action to be taken based on forecasted EoL parameters for an electric ESS and for an at least partly electric vehicle in which the electric ESS is comprised. The device obtains at least one ESS parameter impacted by utilization of the at least one electric vehicle and obtains at least one vehicle parameter impacted by utilization of the at least one electric vehicle. The device determines a forecasted EoL vehicle parameter based on the at least one vehicle parameter and a forecasted EoL ESS parameter based on the at least one ESS parameter. The device compares the forecasted EoL ESS parameter and the forecasted EoL vehicle parameter and determines the action to be taken based on a result of the comparing.

A vehicle includes an engine, an electric machine, a traction battery, and a controller. The controller, responsive to the vehicle not moving, a temperature of the traction battery being less than a temperature threshold, and a state-of-charge of the traction battery being greater than a state-of-charge threshold, rotates the engine via the electric machine powered by the traction battery while no fuel is supplied to the engine.

A vehicle includes an engine, an electric machine, a traction battery, and a controller. The controller, responsive to the vehicle not moving, a temperature of the traction battery being less than a temperature threshold, and a state-of-charge of the traction battery being greater than a state-of-charge threshold, rotates the engine via the electric machine powered by the traction battery while no fuel is supplied to the engine.