A battery management system (BMS) and method for determining an active material content in an electrode includes determining a first peak in an inverse-differential capacity analysis curve of a the battery, determining a second peak in an incremental capacity analysis (ICA) curve associated with the at least one electrode, mapping the first peak of the inverse-differential capacity analysis curve to the second peak of the ICA curve, determining an active material content in the at least one electrode of the battery based on the mapping, and optimizing a performance of the battery based on the active material content in the at least one electrode.

A semiconductor device capable of reducing errors in sensing a remaining amount of a battery even when a temperature of the battery varies is provided. The semiconductor device for monitoring a battery state includes a prediction unit that predicts a temperature at a time of discharge termination of the battery according to a temperature of the battery at a predetermined time and outputs a voltage of the battery in consideration of the predicted temperature at the time of the discharge termination, and a remaining amount detecting unit that detects the remaining amount of the battery based on the voltage of the battery outputted by the prediction unit and a current of the battery at a predetermined time.

A method and device for determining an available capacity of a battery, a battery management system, and a storage medium, relating to the field of battery technologies. The method includes: obtaining the at least one DOD interval corresponding to the SOC interval of the operation of the battery, and the number of cycles and the cycle temperature corresponding to the at least one DOD interval; obtaining a recoverable amount of capacity fade of the battery according to the at least one DOD interval, the number of cycles and the cycle temperature, and determining an actual available capacity of the battery.

A method and device for determining an available capacity of a battery, a battery management system, and a storage medium, relating to the field of battery technologies. The method includes: obtaining the at least one DOD interval corresponding to the SOC interval of the operation of the battery, and the number of cycles and the cycle temperature corresponding to the at least one DOD interval; obtaining a recoverable amount of capacity fade of the battery according to the at least one DOD interval, the number of cycles and the cycle temperature, and determining an actual available capacity of the battery.

A surface treatment apparatus may include a power source having one or more batteries and an apparatus controller configured to estimate a state of charge of the one or more batteries based, at least in part, on an operational mode of the surface treatment apparatus.

It is difficult to know the remaining amount and the degradation state of a power storage device, and it is also difficult to estimate how long the power storage device can be used. Data obtained through midway discharge and mid-to-full charge is used as the learning data to calculate the degradation state and the capacity. In other words, the learning data includes both a discharge curve of midway discharge and a charge curve of mid-to-full charge, and neural network processing is performed with the use of the learned data.

It is difficult to know the remaining amount and the degradation state of a power storage device, and it is also difficult to estimate how long the power storage device can be used. Data obtained through midway discharge and mid-to-full charge is used as the learning data to calculate the degradation state and the capacity. In other words, the learning data includes both a discharge curve of midway discharge and a charge curve of mid-to-full charge, and neural network processing is performed with the use of the learned data.

Testbeds for battery management systems (BMSs) and/or batteries, as well as methods of using the same, are provided. A testbed can be a control-hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) testbed and can include a simulation bench including a battery cell simulator, a temperature simulator, and/or a real-time simulator. The simulator bench can further include a programmable power supply, a relay, a resistor, and/or a communication protocol.

An energy storage system includes a control apparatus and one or more battery sub-arrays. Each battery sub-array includes one or more energy storage racks. Each energy storage rack includes one or more battery packs. The control apparatus is configured to: determine that parameter calibration needs to be performed on a first energy storage rack in a first battery sub-array; when the first energy storage rack meets a preset condition, increase a weight of the first energy storage rack in the first battery sub-array; and after each battery pack in the first energy storage rack is fully charged or remaining power of the battery pack is fully discharged, perform calibration on a parameter of the battery pack.

An energy storage system includes a control apparatus and one or more battery sub-arrays. Each battery sub-array includes one or more energy storage racks. Each energy storage rack includes one or more battery packs. The control apparatus is configured to: determine that parameter calibration needs to be performed on a first energy storage rack in a first battery sub-array; when the first energy storage rack meets a preset condition, increase a weight of the first energy storage rack in the first battery sub-array; and after each battery pack in the first energy storage rack is fully charged or remaining power of the battery pack is fully discharged, perform calibration on a parameter of the battery pack.