To provide a radiation analyzer that can perform analyses by a long-term stable and high energy resolution without correcting a current flowing through a transition edge sensor (hereinafter referred to as TES) or a pulse height value of a signal pulse. The radiation analyzer includes: a TES 1 configured to detect radiation; a current detection mechanism 4 configured to detect a current flowing through the TES 1; a pulse height analyzer 5 configured to measure a pulse height value based on the current detected by the current detection mechanism 4; a baseline monitor mechanism 6 configured to detect a baseline current flowing through the TES 1; a first heater 13 whose output is adjusted to stabilize a temperature of a first thermometer 12 disposed in a cold head that cools the TES 1; and a second heater 14 that is disposed fairly close to the TES 1 and whose output is adjusted to stabilize a baseline current.

A magnetic measurement apparatus includes a concentrating structure and a magnetic sensor. The concentrating structure includes a band portion and a plurality of protruding portions. The band portion is configured to concentrate a magnetic flux from a subject. The plurality of protruding portions are configured to transmit the concentrated magnetic flux to a magnetic sensor. The magnetic sensor is magnetically connected between two opposing protruding portions.

A reversible memory element is provided. The reversible memory element comprises a reversible memory cell comprising a Josephson junction and a passive inductor. A ballistic interconnect is connected to the reversible memory cell by a bidirectional input/output port. A polarized input fluxon propagating along the ballistic interconnect exchanges polarity with a stationary stored fluxon in the reversible memory cell in response to the input fluxon reflecting off the reversible memory cell.

A High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) Superconducting Quantum Interference Device and methods for fabrication can include at least one bi-Superconducting Quantum Interference Device. The bi-SQUID can include an HTS substrate that can be formed with a step edge. A superconducting loop of YBCO can be deposited on the step edge to establish two Josephson Junctions. A superconducting path that bi-sects the superconducting loop path can also be deposited onto the substrate. In some embodiments, the bisecting path can cross the step edge twice, and the bisecting path can be ion milled at one of the crossing points to round the bisecting path and thereby remove the fourth Josephson Junction at the other crossing point. In still other embodiments, the bisecting path can be completely on the upper shelf (or the lower shelf), and the bisecting path can be ion damaged, ion damaged, or particle damaged, to establish the third Josephson Junction.

A vertical bipole source in a borehole generates a vertical bipole flow. The vertical bipole flow generates mutually orthogonal time-domain B-field data. Magnetic receivers at a surface location receive the time-domain B-field data and determine elements of a hydrocarbon reservoir using a 3D EM inversion technique. The vertical bipole source may extend into the borehole or be a virtual bipole source located at a surface location above a reservoir.

Described herein are structures that include flux bias lines for controlling frequencies of qubits in quantum circuits. An exemplary structure includes a substrate, a qubit provided over a surface of the substrate, and a flux bias line provided below the surface of the substrate and configured to control the frequency of the qubit via a magnetic field generated as a result of a current flowing through the flux bias line. Methods for fabricating such structures are disclosed as well.

A device includes: a substrate; a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) including a superconductor trace arranged on an upper surface of the substrate and having at least one Josephson junction interrupting a path of the superconductor trace, in which the superconductor trace includes a first superconductor material that exhibits superconducting properties at or below a corresponding superconducting critical temperature; and a dielectric capping layer on an upper surface of the SQUID, in which the dielectric capping layer covers a majority of the superconductor trace of the SQUID, and the capping layer includes an opening through which a first region of the SQUID is exposed, the first region of the SQUID including a first Josephson junction.

A quantum interference device according to the present invention includes a light generating unit configured to generate an excitation light having at least two frequency components, an alkali metal atom cell to which the excitation lights are emitted, a light detecting unit configured to detect a transmitted light from the alkali metal atom cell, and a control unit configured to execute a frequency determination process to determine a resonance frequency in a quantum interference state to be a reference based on the transmitted light. Then, the control unit is configured to detect resonance frequencies in at least two quantum interference states from the transmitted light, and control the frequency determination process based on the detected resonance frequencies in the at least two quantum interference states and magnetic field information representing preset variation amounts of the resonance frequencies in the at least two quantum interference states with respect to a magnetic field.

Various embodiments disclosed herein comprise systems and methods to conform magnetic field sensors to a target geometry. In some examples, an apparatus is configured to conform to a target geometry. The apparatus comprises a sensor mount and a sensor array. The sensor mount comprises a flexible state for a first environmental condition and a rigid state for a second environmental condition. The sensor mount transitions from the flexible state to the rigid state when the first environmental condition transitions to the second environmental condition. The sensor mount transitions from the rigid state to the flexible state when the second environmental condition transitions to the first environmental condition. The sensor array is coupled to the sensor mount.

A magnetic field detector for detecting magnetic fields over a broad operational temperature range comprising: a plurality of Josephson junctions connected to each other by superconducting interconnecting paths, wherein the plurality of Josephson junctions are arranged in an array; and wherein the superconducting interconnecting paths connecting the plurality of Josephson junctions in the array are designed to not all have a uniform cross-sectional geometry with respect to each other.