An ophthalmic surgical system includes a robotic arm disposed above a patient's eye. A positioning camera is disposed on the robotic arm and positioned to visualize the patient's eye. A processor is electrically coupled to the positioning camera. The processor is configured to receive an indication of a position of the robotic arm relative to a fixed datum, determine a focal length between the positioning camera and the patient's eye, compare the focal length to the position of the robotic arm, and determine a patient eye level relative to the fixed datum.

A method for establishing the refraction of an eye (9) by means of a refractometer (3) is provided, in which the current visual axis (S) of the eye (9) is established before establishing the refraction, the refractometer (3) is aligned with respect to the visual axis (S) of the eye (9) and the refraction is established after the alignment. The visual axis (S) of the eye (9) is established on the basis of the position of a Purkinje image of at least one light source (41, 50) used to illuminate the eye and a relationship between the position of the Purkinje image and the visual axis (S).

A method for establishing the refraction of an eye (9) by means of a refractometer (3) is provided, in which the current visual axis (S) of the eye (9) is established before establishing the refraction, the refractometer (3) is aligned with respect to the visual axis (S) of the eye (9) and the refraction is established after the alignment. The visual axis (S) of the eye (9) is established on the basis of the position of a Purkinje image of at least one light source (41, 50) used to illuminate the eye and a relationship between the position of the Purkinje image and the visual axis (S).

An ultrasonic tonometer for measuring the eye pressure of an examinee's eye by means of an ultrasonic wave includes an ultrasonic actuator having an ultrasonic element and configured to irradiate the examinee's eye with the ultrasonic wave, and current adjustment means configured to adjust a current applied to the ultrasonic element to control the sound pressure or acoustic radiation pressure of the ultrasonic wave. With this configuration, the ultrasonic tonometer solving at least one of typical problems can be provided. For example, the ultrasonic tonometer capable of properly irradiating the examinee's eye with the ultrasonic wave can be provided.

A patient data capture and processing system that comprises general programmable medical device (GPMD) and a patient medical device controller (PPS). The patient server is configured to program the function data store of the GPMD, and obtain the data acquired by the GPMD, via the communications connection, wherein the data is stored in patient data records, and wherein the patient server is further configured to extract and output clinically significant events.

A method for facilitating surgery using an augmented reality system, comprises retrieving patient data relating to a surgical procedure on a patient, generating virtual content comprising a virtual three-dimensional (3D) anatomical model based on the patient data, and displaying the virtual content, such that, when viewed by the first user, the virtual 3D anatomical model appears to be fixed at a physical location, whereby the virtual 3D anatomical model may be viewed by the first user from any angle or orientation merely by walking around the physical location.

A method for facilitating surgery using an augmented reality system, comprises retrieving patient data relating to a surgical procedure on a patient, generating virtual content comprising a virtual three-dimensional (3D) anatomical model based on the patient data, and displaying the virtual content, such that, when viewed by the first user, the virtual 3D anatomical model appears to be fixed at a physical location, whereby the virtual 3D anatomical model may be viewed by the first user from any angle or orientation merely by walking around the physical location.

One embodiment is directed to a system comprising a head-mounted member removably coupleable to the user's head; one or more electromagnetic radiation emitters coupled to the head-mounted member and configured to emit light with at least two different wavelengths toward at least one of the eyes of the user; one or more electromagnetic radiation detectors coupled to the head-mounted member and configured to receive light reflected after encountering at least one blood vessel of the eye; and a controller operatively coupled to the one or more electromagnetic radiation emitters and detectors and configured to cause the one or more electromagnetic radiation emitters to emit pulses of light while also causing the one or more electromagnetic radiation detectors to detect levels of light absorption related to the emitted pulses of light, and to produce an output that is proportional to an oxygen saturation level in the blood vessel.

One embodiment is directed to a system comprising a head-mounted member removably coupleable to the user's head; one or more electromagnetic radiation emitters coupled to the head-mounted member and configured to emit light with at least two different wavelengths toward at least one of the eyes of the user; one or more electromagnetic radiation detectors coupled to the head-mounted member and configured to receive light reflected after encountering at least one blood vessel of the eye; and a controller operatively coupled to the one or more electromagnetic radiation emitters and detectors and configured to cause the one or more electromagnetic radiation emitters to emit pulses of light while also causing the one or more electromagnetic radiation detectors to detect levels of light absorption related to the emitted pulses of light, and to produce an output that is proportional to an oxygen saturation level in the blood vessel.

A retinal scanning type eye examination device includes a storage unit configured to store test image data; a laser emitting unit including a laser light source configured to generate an imaging laser beam based on the test image data, the laser emitting unit being configured to project a test image onto a retina of an eyeball of a person subjected to an eye examination by using the imaging laser beam; an optical component configured to cause the imaging laser beam to converge at an inside of the eyeball of the person; a parameter acquiring unit configured to acquire parameter information for a retinal scanning type eyewear, the parameter information including angle information indicating a rotation angle of the laser emitting unit when the laser emitting unit is rotated around a converging point of the laser beam; and an output unit configured to output the parameter information to an external device.