The subject matter discloses a casing of a mobile electronic device, comprising: a body, comprising: two or more antennas for exchanging wireless signals with a target device; an electromagnetic absorbing material located between the two or more antennas; electrical circuitry for sending information concerning the wireless signals exchanged between the two or more antennas and the target device to a direction finding module, wherein the direction finding module is operative to determine a relative direction of the target device based on the wireless signals exchanged between the two or more antennas and the target device.

The subject matter discloses a method to determine a relative direction of a target RF transmitter, performed by a direction finding (DF) system comprising at least a pair of antennas having an electromagnetic-absorbing material between them, comprising conducting wireless communication between the target RF transmitter and each one of the antennas of the DF system, measuring the time of flight (TOF) of the target RF transmitter received at each antenna, calculating the difference between the TOFs measured at each one of the antennas in the pair, and determining a relative direction of the target RF transmitter based on the TOF required to reach each of the antennas.

The subject matter discloses a method to determine a relative direction of a target RF transmitter, performed by a direction finding (DF) system comprising at least a pair of antennas having an electromagnetic-absorbing material between them, comprising conducting wireless communication between the target RF transmitter and each one of the antennas of the DF system, measuring the time of flight (TOF) of the target RF transmitter received at each antenna, calculating the difference between the TOFs measured at each one of the antennas in the pair, and determining a relative direction of the target RF transmitter based on the TOF required to reach each of the antennas.

This disclosure describes novel schemes and utilities that promote sustainable usage of smartphones. It describes apparatus and methods to prevent phone loss, prevent overheating problems, decrease energy waste of the battery, prevent overcharging, decrease packaging waste, and encourage sustainable behavior among users to increase the life of the electronic product. In addition, this application characterize mechanism for localization of people and objects. The apparatus and methods may be applied to promote sustainable usage of other electronic devices such as tablets, laptops, pocket PCs, personal digital assistants (PDAs), e-readers, wearable devices, and etc. In addition, a framework has been presented which can be applied to promote sustainable behavior for any consumer electronics products including smartphones. In addition, novel localization apparatus and methods is presented in this application that can be applied for general localization/tracking purposes.

Methods and apparatus for interacting with a tag in a wireless communications area. A user interface is generated with a digital representation of energy levels received into an energy receiving sensor, such as a CCD. The user interface includes interactive portions based upon positions of tags in a wireless communication area. A controller may determine that a Smart Device is associated with access rights to digital content associated with the tag, and the digital content may be displayed in the user interface on the Smart device.

A method for obtaining the direction of a signal incoming to a communication device is provided using a modal antenna that has multiple modes corresponding to multiple radiation patterns with a single feed.

A method for obtaining the direction of a signal incoming to a communication device is provided using a modal antenna that has multiple modes corresponding to multiple radiation patterns with a single feed.

A method of tracking a radio beacon includes receiving radio beacon signals at electronic hub devices having known locations. The electronic hub device including both omni-directional and multi-directional antennas receiving radio beacon signals from the radio beacon. Changes over time of the received signal strengths at the omni-directional and multi-directional antennas are analyzed to determine a direction gradient or a direction of travel of the radio beacon.

The subject matter discloses a method to determine a relative direction of a target RF transmitter, performed by a direction finding (DF) system comprising at least a pair of antennas having an electromagnetic-absorbing material between them, comprising conducting wireless communication between the target RF transmitter and each one of the antennas of the DF system, measuring the time of flight (TOF) of the target RF transmitter received at each antenna, calculating the difference between the TOFs measured at each one of the antennas in the pair, and determining a relative direction of the target RF transmitter based on the TOF required to reach each of the antennas.

The subject matter discloses a method to determine a relative direction of a target RF transmitter, performed by a direction finding (DF) system comprising at least a pair of antennas having an electromagnetic-absorbing material between them, comprising conducting wireless communication between the target RF transmitter and each one of the antennas of the DF system, measuring the time of flight (TOF) of the target RF transmitter received at each antenna, calculating the difference between the TOFs measured at each one of the antennas in the pair, and determining a relative direction of the target RF transmitter based on the TOF required to reach each of the antennas.