A directionality control system includes: a camera; a microphone provided as a separate body from the camera; a display that displays video data captured by the camera; and a processor that computes a sound collection direction, which is directed from the microphone toward a sound position corresponding to a designated position in the video data. The processor computes the sound collection direction by using parameters including: a first height of the camera from a reference surface, a second height of the microphone from the reference surface, a third height of a computation reference point from the reference surface, the computation reference point being positioned in the sound collection direction at a position different from the sound position, a direction which is directed from the camera toward the sound position, and a fourth height of the sound position from the reference surface.

A sparse optical phased array transmitter/receiver includes, in part, a multitude of transmitting/receiving elements that are sparsely positioned. Accordingly, the transmitting/receiving elements are not uniformly distributed at equal distance intervals along a one-dimensional, two-dimensional, or a three-dimensional array. The positions of the transmitting/receiving elements may or may not conform to an ordered pattern.

A navigation system determines a position by referring to artificial or natural satellites or other space objects during daylight or when the objects are in a planet's shadow. A telescope and image sensor observe and image shadows of the objects as the objects transit the sun or a sunlit surface of a planet or moon, thereby solving problems related to the two key times during which traditional SkyMark navigation is difficult or impossible.

A navigation system determines a position by referring to artificial or natural satellites or other space objects during daylight or when the objects are in a planet's shadow. A telescope and image sensor observe and image shadows of the objects as the objects transit the sun or a sunlit surface of a planet or moon, thereby solving problems related to the two key times during which traditional SkyMark navigation is difficult or impossible.

A chip scale star tracker that couples starlight into a lightguide such that the angle of incidence partially determines the mode of propagation of the starlight in the lightguide. A baffle system integrated with the lightguide prevents propagation of light incident from a predetermined range of angles.

A chip scale star tracker that couples starlight into a lightguide such that the angle of incidence partially determines the mode of propagation of the starlight in the lightguide. A baffle system integrated with the lightguide prevents propagation of light incident from a predetermined range of angles.

Sound collection directionality is formed toward a location corresponding to a position designated in a video of a predetermined region which is imaged by a camera apparatus with a microphone array apparatus as a reference, and audio data is collected with high accuracy. In a directionality control system (10), a signal processing unit (33) derives a sound collection direction (.sub.MAh,.sub.MAv) which is directed from an installation position of a microphone array apparatus (2) toward a sound position corresponding to a position designated in video data on a screen of the display device (36) in response to a user's designation of any position in the video data displayed on the screen. The signal processing unit (33) forms sound collection directionality of audio data in the derived sound collection direction (.sub.MAh,.sub.MAv).

Sound collection directionality is formed toward a location corresponding to a position designated in a video of a predetermined region which is imaged by a camera apparatus with a microphone array apparatus as a reference, and audio data is collected with high accuracy. In a directionality control system (10), a signal processing unit (33) derives a sound collection direction (.sub.MAh,.sub.MAv) which is directed from an installation position of a microphone array apparatus (2) toward a sound position corresponding to a position designated in video data on a screen of the display device (36) in response to a user's designation of any position in the video data displayed on the screen. The signal processing unit (33) forms sound collection directionality of audio data in the derived sound collection direction (.sub.MAh,.sub.MAv).

System and methods for pointing a device, such as a camera, at a remote target wherein the pointing of the device is controlled by a combination of location information obtained by global positioning technology and image recognition of the target.

System and methods for pointing a device, such as a camera, at a remote target wherein the pointing of the device is controlled by a combination of location information obtained by global positioning technology and image recognition of the target.