Scanning apparatus includes a base and a gimbal, including a shaft that fits into rotational bearings in the base and is configured to rotate through 360? about a gimbal axis relative to the base. A mirror assembly, fixed to the gimbal, includes a mirror, which is positioned on the gimbal axis and is configured to rotate about a mirror axis perpendicular to the gimbal axis. A transmitter directs pulses of optical radiation toward the mirror, which directs the optical radiation toward a scene. A receiver, receives, via the mirror, the optical radiation reflected from the scene and outputs signals in response to the received radiation. Control circuitry drives the gimbal to rotate about the gimbal axis and the mirror to rotate about the mirror axis, and processes the signals output by the receiver in order to generate a three-dimensional map of the scanned area.

Scanning apparatus includes a base and a gimbal, including a shaft that fits into rotational bearings in the base and is configured to rotate through 360? about a gimbal axis relative to the base. A mirror assembly, fixed to the gimbal, includes a mirror, which is positioned on the gimbal axis and is configured to rotate about a mirror axis perpendicular to the gimbal axis. A transmitter directs pulses of optical radiation toward the mirror, which directs the optical radiation toward a scene. A receiver, receives, via the mirror, the optical radiation reflected from the scene and outputs signals in response to the received radiation. Control circuitry drives the gimbal to rotate about the gimbal axis and the mirror to rotate about the mirror axis, and processes the signals output by the receiver in order to generate a three-dimensional map of the scanned area.

An optical detector system provides positioning data to facilitate tracking in optical communications. The system provides first and second path lengths to direct light onto an array of photodetectors. Incoming first light with a first polarization is reflected by a polarizing beam splitter (PBS) to the array, resulting in a first path length and a relatively wide field of view (FOV). Incoming second light with a second polarization passes through the PBS, interacts with a first quarter wave retarder (QWR) and a convex mirror, is reflected by the PBS, passes through a second QWR and is reflected by a flat mirror to pass through the PBS again and onto the array. The second light experiences a second path length greater than the first path length, exhibiting a relatively narrow FOV. The resulting spots of light on the array provide information about a position of the incoming beam.

An optical detector system provides positioning data to facilitate tracking in optical communications. The system provides first and second path lengths to direct light onto an array of photodetectors. Incoming first light with a first polarization is reflected by a polarizing beam splitter (PBS) to the array, resulting in a first path length and a relatively wide field of view (FOV). Incoming second light with a second polarization passes through the PBS, interacts with a first quarter wave retarder (QWR) and a convex mirror, is reflected by the PBS, passes through a second QWR and is reflected by a flat mirror to pass through the PBS again and onto the array. The second light experiences a second path length greater than the first path length, exhibiting a relatively narrow FOV. The resulting spots of light on the array provide information about a position of the incoming beam.

When a first laser beam and a second laser beam are directed to the volume of space, an aerial drone is configured to lock onto the first laser beam using a first sensor, and to utilize the first laser beam to guide the drone to an accurate landing at a landing site. The aerial drone is further configured to lock onto the second laser beam using a second sensor, to determine a relationship between the first laser beam and the second laser beam, and to utilize the relationship to adjust the tilt of the aerial drone, the orientation of the aerial drone, the speed differential between the aerial drone and the landing site, and/or the alignment of a portion of the drone with a portion of the landing site when making the landing.

When a first laser beam and a second laser beam are directed to the volume of space, an aerial drone is configured to lock onto the first laser beam using a first sensor, and to utilize the first laser beam to guide the drone to an accurate landing at a landing site. The aerial drone is further configured to lock onto the second laser beam using a second sensor, to determine a relationship between the first laser beam and the second laser beam, and to utilize the relationship to adjust the tilt of the aerial drone, the orientation of the aerial drone, the speed differential between the aerial drone and the landing site, and/or the alignment of a portion of the drone with a portion of the landing site when making the landing.

A target instrument has an illuminating lamp, wherein a total station has an optical axis deflector capable of deflecting a distance measuring optical axis, a projecting direction detecting module for performing an angle measurement of the distance measuring optical axis, an image pickup unit, and an arithmetic control module for controlling a deflecting action of the optical axis deflector and a distance measuring action of a distance measuring unit, wherein the arithmetic control module is configured to detect an illumination light from an image acquired by the image pickup unit, to acquire a direction of the illuminating lamp based on a detection result, to make the optical axis deflector to scan with a distance measuring light around the acquired direction and to perform a distance measurement and an angle measurement along a scanning path.

A method for detecting azimuthal angle of a heat source includes a preparing step and a detecting step. The preparing step includes: detecting a unit period (Tc) by rotating a target positioning portion through one circle, and aligning the target positioning portion with an aligning member. The detecting step includes: driving the target positioning portion to rotate. The position of the aligning member defines an initial azimuthal position. When an infrared signal emitted from the external heat source is transmitted into an infrared sensor via the target positioning portion, a transmitting time is defined as a time point (Ts) of the heat source, and an angle between the target positioning portion and the initial azimuthal position is defined as an azimuthal angle (x) of the heat source, in which x=(Ts/Tc)360.

A method for detecting azimuthal angle of a heat source includes a preparing step and a detecting step. The preparing step includes: detecting a unit period (Tc) by rotating a target positioning portion through one circle, and aligning the target positioning portion with an aligning member. The detecting step includes: driving the target positioning portion to rotate. The position of the aligning member defines an initial azimuthal position. When an infrared signal emitted from the external heat source is transmitted into an infrared sensor via the target positioning portion, a transmitting time is defined as a time point (Ts) of the heat source, and an angle between the target positioning portion and the initial azimuthal position is defined as an azimuthal angle (x) of the heat source, in which x=(Ts/Tc)360.

The invention provides in one aspect a fast digital light source tracker aboard a moving ground-based or airborne platform. The tracker consists of two rotating mirrors, a lens, an imaging camera, and a motion compensation system that provides the Euler angles of the mobile platform in real time. The tracker can be simultaneously coupled to UV-Vis and FTIR spectrometers, making it a versatile tool to measure the absorption of trace gases using the light source's incoming radiation.