An integrated circuit chip implementing multiplication of an M×N element matrix with an N-element vector to obtain an M-element product by combining the vector with rows of bits of the same significance selected from the matrix one bit-row at a time to form partial products, exploiting the fact that the same potential combinations are needed for all bit-rows and all matrix rows to precompute all of the combinations once and for all, and combining selected partial products for different bit place-significance with a shift-and-add operation only once for each of the M product elements, thereby effectively using only M multiply-equivalent structures. An N-point Complex Fourier Transform can therefore be claimed which only needs 2N real multiplies and the product of an N×N matrix with another N×N matrix requires only N.sup.2 multiplies.

An exemplary radar sensing system utilizing a sparse array antenna structure provides an enhanced angular resolution to detect multiple targets with improved accuracy beyond the abilities of conventional radar. The exemplary radar system uses sparsely located antenna array elements allowing improved FOV, angular resolution, beam width, and side lobes using fewer physical antenna elements. Sparse antenna arrays allow the use of physically larger elements, larger separation between transmitter and receiver elements to reduce mutual coupling, and fewer elements to reduce necessary computations.

A sensor assembly for detecting an object is disclosed. The sensor assembly includes at least one radar transmitter configured to emit transmitted radar waves having a first polarization. The sensor assembly also includes at least one radar receiver configured to receive the transmitted radar waves after reflecting from the object as reflected radar waves having a second polarization different than the first polarization and corresponding with a detection of the object relative to the sensor assembly. The at least one radar receiver is additionally configured to reject radar waves having a polarization being different than the second polarization to disregard noise generated by environmental interaction of the transmitted radar waves and from extraneous radar sources.

An electronic device includes a transmission antenna that transmits a transmission wave, a reception antenna that receives a reflected wave that is the reflected transmission wave, and a control unit. The control unit detects an object that reflects the transmission wave, based on a transmission signal transmitted as the transmission wave and a reception signal received as the reflected wave. The transmission antenna includes a first transmission antenna that transmits a transmission wave of a first polarization direction, and a second transmission antenna that transmits a transmission wave of a second polarization direction different from the first polarization direction.

A system and methodologies for radar target detection for air surveillance and weather surveillance radar. Embodiments enable the ability to combine radar target detection and tracking with weather surveillance in a single polarimetric Phased Array Radar (PAR) system. Structure and software are provided for performing polarization in a non-orthogonal manner when steering an Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radar off its principal planes.

A super resolution radar system, the radar system including: at least one antenna; transmission electronics; receiving electronics; and receiving computing electronics, where the transmission electronics is structured to transmit a first electromagnetic wave having an Orbital Angular Momentum wave-front using the antenna, where the transmission electronics is structured to transmit a second electromagnetic wave having a no Orbital Angular Momentum wave-front using a first portion of the antenna, where the receiving electronics is structured to form a first signal from a first return wave of the first electromagnetic wave, where the receiving electronics is structured to form a second signal from a second return wave of the second electromagnetic wave, and where the receiving computing electronics is structured to subtract the first signal from the second signal.

A system for identifying a target object includes a database containing a plurality of unique combinations of a plurality of orbital angular momentum modes. Each of the unique combinations of the plurality of orbital angular momentum modes is associated with a particular type of target object. A signal generator generates a signal having one of a plurality of orbital angular momentum modes applied thereto and directs the signal toward the target object. A transceiver transmits the signal toward the target object and receives a second signal having a unique combination of a plurality of orbital angular momentum modes reflected from the target object. A detection system compares the second signal having the unique combination of the plurality of orbital angular momentum modes with the plurality of unique combinations of the plurality of unique orbital angular unique combination of a plurality of orbital angular momentum modes within the database, identifies the target object responsive to the comparison of the second signal having the unique combination of the plurality of orbital angular momentum modes with the plurality of unique combinations of the plurality of unique orbital angular unique combination of a plurality of orbital angular momentum modes within the database and provides an output identifying the target object.

A polarimetric radar consisting of a transmission arrangement, in which the carrier signals have a circular polarization, wherein all the transmitters of the transmission arrangement are used simultaneously and each transmitter is operated by way of a transmission signal, which is modulated by way of an individual digital phase code, a receiver arrangement, which receives the reflected signals via an antenna arrangement, wherein there are both reception antennas that are configured for left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic waves and reception antennas that are configured for right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic waves, wherein the use of a plurality of transmitters and receivers provides an overall arrangement, which is operated in accordance with the multiple-input multiple-output method.

An agricultural machine includes a soil roughness system mounted to the machine. The soil roughness (SR) system includes at least one radar unit configured to emit signals, receive reflected signals, and generate radar signals. The reflected signals are the emitted signals reflected from a field. The SR system further includes a controller communicatively coupled to the at least one radar unit. The controller is configured to generate soil roughness values of the field based at least upon the radar signals. The controller or an operator of the machine may then adjust properties of an agricultural implement based upon the soil roughness values.

A system and method is provided in which a single-pole-double-throw switch controls whether a circular loop transmits a right-hand circular polarized signal or a left-hand circular polarized signal. The single-pole-double-throw switch is shielded from the circular loop by a metallic ground plane. An annulus of dielectric insulates the circular loop from the metallic ground plane.