Encoded information means located on an infrastructure to be decoded by sensors located on mobiles, in such a way that these means encode the position they occupy in the infrastructure and allow for a mobile travelling along the same trajectory, provided with the adequate sensor, to read, decode and transform it immediately into information on its exact position in the infrastructure and being characterised by the fact that along the same trajectory described by a mobile it is possible to encode information in the infrastructure by means of different objects presenting dielectric change boundaries or dielectric/metal boundaries at different heights or distances regarding the origin of the onboard sensor, these boundaries being interrogated by a sensor on board the mobile by means of pressure or electromagnetic waves and by measuring the time the waves take to return to the sensor, making it possible to determine the distance at which the reflections occur and in this way to extract the information.

To provide a flood detection technique with which a breakdown is less likely to occur over a long period, maintenance costs are low, and the occurrence of an abnormal water level is less likely to be erroneously determined. An inundation detection device detects a received signal strength that is the strength of a received response signal received from an RF sensor installed at a flood detection location, detects a dispersion within a specific time, detects a normal reception rate, and outputs a flood detection signal in a case where the dispersion is greater than or equal to a specific threshold and the normal reception rate is less than or equal to a specific threshold.

A reflector having an information generation function, wherein information allowing a quick and clear understanding of a traffic system and the surrounding environment thereof can be generated by a combination of unit reflectors recognizable by a light detection and ranging (Lidar) or radio detecting and ranging (Radar) system, is proposed. The reflector includes a plurality of unit reflectors for representing information through code generation, wherein each of the unit reflectors represents information by reflecting light beams or radio waves therefrom or transmitting the same therethrough, whereby binary-coded information is generated using the reflector, which allows a Lidar system or a Radar system to recognize the generated information.

A system for locating a RFID tag in a space or area having a physical barrier is disclosed herein. More specifically, the system comprises a plurality of guard tags for use in conjunction with a RFID tag disposed on an item and a RFID reader for locating the same. The system is configured to locate the RFID tag on either side of the physical barrier. The plurality of guard tags may comprise a plurality of negative encoded guard tags and a plurality of positive encoded guard tags, and an algorithm may be used to determine a probability of the RFID tag location within the physical space. A method of locating a RFID tag within a physical space, and a method of virtually shielding the physical space is also disclosed.

Systems and methods to determine kinematical parameters of physical objects using radio frequency identification (RFID) tags attached to the objects. In one embodiment, one of a population of RFID tags is selectively instructed by an RFID reader to backscatter the interrogating electromagnetic wave and thus allow the RFID reader to measure the position, speed, acceleration, and/or jerk of the object to which the tag is attached. The RFID reader combines the signal representing the backscattered interrogating electromagnetic wave and the signal representing the interrogating electromagnetic wave transmitted by the RFID reader to determine or monitor one or more of the kinematical parameters of the object.

A millimeter-wave (mmW) imaging system comprises a mmW source configured to transmit mmW radiation to a target and a mmW imaging device. The mmW imaging device comprises an array of up-converter elements configured to convert backscatter radiation received from the target directly to visible light. The up-converter array has a first surface and a second surface. The mmW imaging device also comprises a first focusing lens optically coupled to the first surface of the up-converter array and configured to direct backscatter radiation received from the target to the up-converter elements. The mmW imaging device further comprises an an array of photodetectors. The photodetector array has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface of the photodetector array is configured to receive visible light emitted by the up-converter elements. The photodetector array is configured to produce electrical signals indicative of an optical image of the target.

Disclosed are techniques for determining a position of a user equipment (UE). A differential round-trip-time (RTT) based positioning procedure is proposed to determine the UE position. In this technique, the UE position is determined based on the differences of the RTTs between the UE and a plurality of base stations. The differential RTT based positioning procedure has much looser inter-gNodeB timing synchronization requirements than the OTDOA technique and also has much looser group delay requirements than traditional RTT procedures.

A tracking system uses a road mounted microwave reflector as an alignment tool. The system can be used to provide primary or supplemental guidance and alignment for a self-driving vehicle, or it can be used to provide warning signals for a manually controlled vehicle. The disclosed reflector is economical and easily installed. A preferred corner reflector includes both a microwave retro reflector and an embedded tuned circuit. The system is optimized to operate reliability and accurately in conditions of inclement weather and poor visibility, particularly where GPS signals, conventional road markers and visual aids fail.

Disclosed are techniques for determining a position of a user equipment (UE). A differential round-trip-time (RTT) based positioning procedure is proposed to determine the UE position. In this technique, the UE position is determined based on the differences of the RTTs between the UE and a plurality of base stations. The differential RTT based positioning procedure has much looser inter-gNodeB timing synchronization requirements than the OTDOA technique and also has much looser group delay requirements than traditional RTT procedures.

A system and method for generating an infinite number of isolated image sequences using a single camera, wherein an X-, Y-coordinate system is generated for the area and an image sequence within the field of view of a camera within the area is captured. By tracking the movements and positions of at least two assets in the field of view of the camera relative to the X-, Y-grid, at least one individual image sequence for each of the at least two assets using the image sequence captured by the camera, wherein each individual image sequence has one asset from the at least two assets as a focal point of the individual image sequence.