Method for determining a staggered pattern and interrogation mode pattern of an Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) is disclosed. The method enables a Passive SSR (PSSR) to work not only inside but also outside the SSR beam. When PSSR is in the wider beam of the SSR, multiple P2-pulses are detected as time-ordered sequence of P2-pulse intervals, from which a repeating sequence and further a stagger pattern is determined. The interrogation mode pattern is determined by comparing the staggered pattern with the interrogation signals. A transmit time of the P3-pulse is predicted based on the staggered pattern and the interrogation mode pattern. Corresponding system is also provided.

Methods, apparatuses, and computer programs are provided for SRS for positioning resource overhead reduction in multi-RTT. A method for a UE includes receiving an initial configuration of a plurality of sounding reference signal for positioning resources; measuring a downlink positioning reference signal received from one or more cells; determining one or more transmission beams based on reception beams used for receipt of the downlink positioning reference signal from the one or more cells; wherein the determining of the one or more transmission beams comprises a reduction of at least one beam resource associated with a sounding reference signal for positioning; and transmitting an updated sounding reference signal for positioning configuration with information about the determined one or more transmission beams. Methods are also provided for a radio node and for an LMF.

A method and a system for high-resolution measurement of distance between two objects by means of electromagnetic waves is such that measurements are performed in a reliable, simple, and quick manner with low bandwidth and high accuracy even in complicated multipath environments and/or with moving objects. The method includes determination of a supposed distance and/or supposed relative speed between first and second objects from an object of measurement by comparing the object of measurement with a set of stored and/or calculated reference objects of measurement. The reference objects of measurement relate to different distances and different relative speeds, each reference object being associated with a distance and a speed. The supposed distance and/or speed is assumed to be the distance and/or speed that is associated with the stored and/or calculated reference object of measurement that best fits, is closest to, and/or is most similar to the object of measurement.

The disclosure provides some embodiments for securing long training field (LTF) sequence. A responding station (RSTA) configures a location management report (LMR) frame. The LMR frame is configured to include an LMR in respect of a previous measurement, and data to be used to generate a null data packet (NDP) for a current measurement that is to be performed following the previous measurement. The RSTA further encrypts the LMR frame using protected management frames (PMF) scheme, and transmits the encrypted LMR frame to an initiating station (ISTA) for generating an LTF sequence for the current measurement. In response to receiving an NDP announcement (NDPA) and an NDP for the current measurement from the ISTA, the RSTA generates an NDP for the current measurement based on the NDPA and the data using CCMP, and transmits the NDP to the ISTA.

An electronic device configures two or more virtual responders associated with different subsets of capabilities of a physical responder in the electronic device, where the physical responder comprises a radio-frequency (RF) transceiver and multiple antennas, and where a given virtual responder corresponds to the RF transceiver and a given antenna. Then, the electronic device performs, based at least in part on wirelessly communication with a second electronic device and using at least the virtual responders, measurements on wireless signals from the second electronic device to the electronic device, where the measurements correspond to a time of flight of the wireless signals. Next, the electronic device determines, based at least in part on the measurements, a range between the electronic device and the second electronic device, where the determination uses the measurements from different virtual responders to correct for an environmental condition and/or increase an accuracy of the determined range.

An ADS-B spoofer being an false ADS-B squitter, an ADS-B squitter being an aircraft position information signal transmitted to secondary radars, the ADS-B squitters being detected over time at different bearings of the antenna in rotation of the radar, the method comprises, for each secondary radar, at least the following steps: a first step of detection of an ADS-B spoofer; a second step of location of the position in azimuth of the ADS-B spoofer generator, the second step comprising the following operations: measurement of the azimuth of the antenna of the secondary radar and of the received powers on the sum, difference and control patterns of the antenna upon the detection of an ADS-B squitter; generation and storage of at least one assumption of azimuth of the spoofer for each ADS-B squitter detected, the assumption being equal to the sum of the azimuth of the antenna and of the estimated bearing of the spoofer, the estimated bearing being characterized by the ratio of the received power on the sum pattern to the received power on the control pattern on the one hand and by the ratio of the received power on the difference pattern to the received power on the control pattern on the other hand.

The embodiments described herein provide ranging capabilities in RF-opaque environments, such as a jungle, utilizing transponders located on a property line. In particular, the embodiments described herein provide for determining a distance to a property line from a ranging device. The transponders are located on the property line and are separated from each other by a known distance. The ranging device transmits RF signals to the transponders, and receives RF signals returned by the transponders on a different frequency. The ranging device uses information about the transmitted and received RF signals and the known distance to calculate a distance from the ranging device to the property line.

Access Point (AP) placement using Fine Time Measurement (FTM) may be provided. First, a plurality of Time-of-Flight (ToF) values between a first service end point and a second service end point may be determined. Each one of the plurality of ToF values may be derived from packets transmitted via different beamforming vector patterns at the first service end point and the second service end point. Then a minimum ToF value of the plurality of ToF values may be determined. Next, a distance between the first service end point and the second service end point may be determined based on the minimum ToF value.

A communication system has a phased antenna array configured to communicate via a plurality of beams with a wireless device, such as user equipment (e.g., a smart phone). The plurality of beams define a field of view of the phased antenna array, the field of view having a plurality of cells and each of the plurality of beams is associated with one of the plurality of cells within the field of view. A processing device detects the wireless device within the field of view and determines a coarse geographic location of the wireless device within the field of view of the wireless device when the wireless device is within the field of view, or within a cell. The system further determines a fine geographic location for the wireless device based on frequency offset (due to Doppler) and signal flight time.

The disclosure provides some embodiments for securing long training field (LTF) sequence. A responding station (RSTA) configures a location management report (LMR) frame. The LMR frame is configured to include an LMR in respect of a previous measurement, and data to be used to generate a null data packet (NDP) for a current measurement that is to be performed following the previous measurement. The RSTA further encrypts the LMR frame using protected management frames (PMF) scheme, and transmits the encrypted LMR frame to an initiating station (ISTA) for generating an LTF sequence for the current measurement. In response to receiving an NDP announcement (NDPA) and an NDP for the current measurement from the ISTA, the RSTA generates an NDP for the current measurement based on the NDPA and the data using CCMP, and transmits the NDP to the ISTA.