Implementation of radio frequency applications in satellite environments can be constrained by size, mass, cost, and power limitations. These applications can include radar, communications, radio astronomy, or other scientific or industrial applications. A variety of systems are provided to facilitate recording of baseband radio frequency signals at high bandwidth and low power using low-cost components. These systems include field-programmable gate arrays or other programmable logic devices integrating between high-frequency ADCs and two or more multiplexed non-volatile storage mediums. Also provided are systems for providing calibration and self-test functionality in a low-cost, flexible, low-power radio frequency frontend. These systems include high-frequency switches configured to allow a calibration and/or self-test pulse to be acquired for each radar pulse generated by the system.

An apparatus for forecasting weather related threats aboard an aircraft includes a computer for sending and receiving meteorological data to and from other aircraft in a self-organizing mesh network of aircraft. The computer isolates meteorological sensor data originating from the other aircraft in a region along the flight path of the aircraft and uses that data to forecast weather related threats along the aircraft's flight path.

Disclosed in some examples are methods, systems, devices, and machine-readable mediums for augmented reality (AR) Doppler weather radar (DWR) visualization application. A method is disclosed that includes retrieving weather radar data from a weather radar. The method may further include generating two (2) dimensional (D) polygons from the weather radar data, wherein the weather data comprises a three (3) D coordinate and a value indicating a weather condition, and wherein the 2D polygons are generated based on values of the value indicating the weather condition and an area of coverage. The method may further include sending the 2D polygons to an augmented-reality (AR) weather radar visualization system for the AR weather radar system to present a 3D rendering of the 2D polygons. The method may provide real-time weather 3D radar data that is animated.

A method and system for detecting a floating layer on a surveillance area of the sea surface, a site of interest being placed in or around the surveillance area. The method comprises the following steps: a) satellite measurement of a radar feedback return, the radar signal being emitted by a satellite toward the sea surface of the surveillance area; b) recognition of at least one swell profile of the sea surface in accordance with the satellite measurements; c) identification of the fluid properties corresponding to the recognized swell profiles; and d) emission of a warning when the fluid properties identified for one of the recognized profiles correspond to a sea surface that includes undesirable elements for the site of interest.

A constellation of individual satellites are employed to concurrently collect occultation data from multiple GPSS originating signals that pass through atmospheric sections of interest. By coordinating the collection and processing of the data using state of the art receivers on a constellation of low earth orbit satellites and networked processing, highly accurate calculation of atmospheric conditions and related future weather events are possible.

The disclosed subject matter relates to Frequency Diversity Pulse Pair (FDPP) methods and technology implemented by, alternating the order of the pulse pair transmitted or order of the group of multiple pulses transmitted, the pulses differentiated based on the center frequency of each transmitted pulse. For example, where a pair of transmitted pulses have center frequencies f.sub.1 and f.sub.2, the pulses transmitted in pairs such that the first pair may be f.sub.1 followed by f.sub.2 and the second pair are a different order, such as f.sub.2 followed by f.sub.1.

In some examples, a system includes a radar device configured to transmit first X-band radar signals in a weather mode and receive first return X-band radar signals in the weather mode. In some examples, the radar device is further configured to transmit second X-band radar signals in a landing mode and receive second return X-band radar signals in the landing mode. In some examples, the system also includes processing circuitry configured to detect, in the weather mode, weather formations based on the first return X-band radar signals. In some examples, the processing circuitry is further configured to determine, in the landing mode, a position of a transponder based on the second return X-band radar signals received by the radar device and determine a location of a runway based on the position of the transponder.

A constellation of individual satellites are employed to concurrently collect occultation data from multiple GPSS originating signals that pass through atmospheric sections of interest. By coordinating the collection and processing of the data using state of the art receivers on a constellation of low earth orbit satellites and networked processing, highly accurate calculation of atmospheric conditions and related future weather events are possible.

An exemplary method for determining a total electron content of a portion of the ionosphere includes: transmitting from a satellite in orbit, a first signal at a first frequency and a second signal at a second frequency different from the first frequency toward a reflective surface through the portion of the ionosphere, wherein the first and second frequencies are in the very high frequency (VHF) range; receiving at the satellite, a reflection of the first signal and a reflection the second signal; determining a first delay of the reflection of the first signal and a second delay of the reflection of the second signal; and determining at least a first total electron content of the portion of the ionosphere based the first delay and the second delay.

A method of calculating ionospheric scintillation includes calculating a motion-corrected perturbation of a GNSS radio signal received by a monitoring device deployed in an oceanic environment. The method includes calculating the using the high rate phase of the GNSS signal adjusted by removing the change in distance between the monitoring device and the GNSS satellite. The calculating the may further include passing the adjusted high rate phase through a high pass filter to remove a drift motion of the monitoring device. The method further includes calculating the S.sub.4 through calculating a tilt angle between the antenna of the monitoring device with the GNSS satellite and adjusting the antenna gain through known gain pattern of the antenna. The wave height of the oceanic environment may be calculated by detrending the antenna height to remove low frequency motion when a high rate position of the monitoring device is calculated.