The present disclosure describes a radiation sensing and reporting devices, systems, and methods. The devices and systems are a flexible material that detects the presence of radiation over a surface area and reports the specific location and intensity of the radiation. An article is provided that includes a substrate; a plurality of radiation sensors, each radiation sensor of the plurality of radiation sensors being disposed at a corresponding position on the substrate; and alert circuitry coupled to the plurality of radiation sensors, wherein the alert circuitry indicates, in real time, a localized detection of radiation according to corresponding one or more positions on the substrate of a particular one or more radiation sensors of the plurality of radiation sensors.

A PET apparatus and a timing correction method of this invention select two target gamma-ray detectors which count coincidences, select a reference detector which is one detector out of the two selected gamma-ray detectors, select a gamma-ray detector different from the other, opposite detector, and when repeating the selection, make a time lag histogram concerning two gamma-ray detectors selected in the past a reference, and correct a time lag histogram concerning gamma-ray detectors selected this time based on the reference. By repeating an operation to make the corrected time lag histogram concerning the two gamma-ray detectors a new reference, an optimal time lag histogram can be obtained without repeating many measurements and computations.

A PET apparatus and a timing correction method of this invention select two target gamma-ray detectors which count coincidences, select a reference detector which is one detector out of the two selected gamma-ray detectors, select a gamma-ray detector different from the other, opposite detector, and when repeating the selection, make a time lag histogram concerning two gamma-ray detectors selected in the past a reference, and correct a time lag histogram concerning gamma-ray detectors selected this time based on the reference. By repeating an operation to make the corrected time lag histogram concerning the two gamma-ray detectors a new reference, an optimal time lag histogram can be obtained without repeating many measurements and computations.

Disclosed herein are methods and devices for the acquisition of positron emission (or PET) data in the presence of ionizing radiation that causes afterglow of PET detectors. In one variation, the method comprises adjusting a coincidence trigger threshold of the PET detectors during a therapy session. In one variation, the method comprises adjusting a gain factor used in positron emission data acquisition (e.g., a gain factor used to multiply and/or shift the output(s) of a PET detector(s)) during a therapy session. In some variations, a method for acquiring positron emission data during a radiation therapy session comprises suspending communication between the PET detectors and a signal processor of a controller for a predetermined period of time after a radiation pulse has been emitted by the linac.

Disclosed herein are methods and devices for the acquisition of positron emission (or PET) data in the presence of ionizing radiation that causes afterglow of PET detectors. In one variation, the method comprises adjusting a coincidence trigger threshold of the PET detectors during a therapy session. In one variation, the method comprises adjusting a gain factor used in positron emission data acquisition (e.g., a gain factor used to multiply and/or shift the output(s) of a PET detector(s)) during a therapy session. In some variations, a method for acquiring positron emission data during a radiation therapy session comprises suspending communication between the PET detectors and a signal processor of a controller for a predetermined period of time after a radiation pulse has been emitted by the linac.

An X-ray detector is provided. The X-ray detector includes multiple detector sub-modules. Each detector sub-module includes a semiconductor layer and multiple detector elements. A plurality of detector elements is disposed on the semiconductor layer. Wiring traces extending from the plurality of detector elements to readout circuitry, where each detector element is coupled to a respective wiring trace. The wiring traces are routed within a gap between adjacent detector elements of the plurality of detector elements. Processing circuitry is configured to perform coincidence detection to determine which detector element of the plurality of detector elements is associated with a location of an X-ray hit when the X-ray coincidently hits one of the detector elements of the plurality of detector elements and one or more of the wiring traces coupled to respective detector elements of the plurality of detector elements.

A timing apparatus and method for a radiation detection, measurement, identification and imaging system are disclosed. The apparatus comprises high-energy photon detectors (100), a light pulse signal generator (300) and an optical fiber (200). Each high-energy photon detector (100) comprises a scintillation crystal and optical-to-electrical conversion multiplying devices. The high-energy photon detectors (100) are all provided with light transmission holes. Light pulse signals are propagated to the scintillation crystals through the light transmission holes (400), then propagated to the surfaces of the optical-to-electrical conversion multiplying devices through the scintillation crystals, converted and multiplied by the optical-to-electrical conversion multiplying devices, and processed and read by an electronic circuit. The high-energy photon detectors (100) independent from each other acquire absolute time from the light pulse signals generated by the light pulse generator (300) and timing and calibration are performed between the independent high-energy photon detectors (100). Timing is achieved through the time at which the optical-to-electrical multiplication devices receive the light pulse signals, decoupling between the high-energy photon detectors (100) can be realized, the independence of the high-energy photon detectors (100) is ensured, and thus the system can use, increase or decrease the high-energy photon detectors (100) more conveniently.

A timing apparatus and method for a radiation detection, measurement, identification and imaging system are disclosed. The apparatus comprises high-energy photon detectors (100), a light pulse signal generator (300) and an optical fiber (200). Each high-energy photon detector (100) comprises a scintillation crystal and optical-to-electrical conversion multiplying devices. The high-energy photon detectors (100) are all provided with light transmission holes. Light pulse signals are propagated to the scintillation crystals through the light transmission holes (400), then propagated to the surfaces of the optical-to-electrical conversion multiplying devices through the scintillation crystals, converted and multiplied by the optical-to-electrical conversion multiplying devices, and processed and read by an electronic circuit. The high-energy photon detectors (100) independent from each other acquire absolute time from the light pulse signals generated by the light pulse generator (300) and timing and calibration are performed between the independent high-energy photon detectors (100). Timing is achieved through the time at which the optical-to-electrical multiplication devices receive the light pulse signals, decoupling between the high-energy photon detectors (100) can be realized, the independence of the high-energy photon detectors (100) is ensured, and thus the system can use, increase or decrease the high-energy photon detectors (100) more conveniently.

A radiation detection device, including a detection panel, is provided. The detection panel includes multiple first pixels, arranged into a first row in an extending direction of a data line; multiple second pixels, arranged into a second row in the extending direction of the data line; and multiple other second pixels, arranged into a third row in the extending direction of the data line. Each of the multiple first pixels includes a first switch. Each of the multiple second pixels and the multiple other second pixels includes a second switch. Each of the multiple second pixels and the multiple other second pixels includes a photodiode. The multiple first pixels do not include a photodiode. That is, compared with the multiple first pixels, each of the multiple second pixels further includes the photodiode electrically connected with the second switch.

An electromagnetic radiation detector of an embodiment includes a first scintillation detector that detects incidence of electromagnetic radiation and includes a first scintillator that outputs photons in response to the incidence of electromagnetic radiation; a second scintillation detector that detects scattered electromagnetic radiation exiting from the first scintillation detector, the scattered electromagnetic radiation that occurs inside the first scintillation detector due to Compton scattering of the electromagnetic radiation; and a multi-channel analyzer that performs multi-channel analysis of a result of the detection by the first scintillation detector, the result being other than results of the detection, timing of which is considered to coincide with timing of the detection by the second scintillation detector. The second scintillation detector includes a second scintillator formed by turning scintillator powder into paste and solidifying the paste into a thick film through compression and drying.