An electromagnetic radiation detector of an embodiment includes a first scintillation detector that detects incidence of electromagnetic radiation and includes a first scintillator that outputs photons in response to the incidence of electromagnetic radiation; a second scintillation detector that detects scattered electromagnetic radiation exiting from the first scintillation detector, the scattered electromagnetic radiation that occurs inside the first scintillation detector due to Compton scattering of the electromagnetic radiation; and a multi-channel analyzer that performs multi-channel analysis of a result of the detection by the first scintillation detector, the result being other than results of the detection, timing of which is considered to coincide with timing of the detection by the second scintillation detector. The second scintillation detector includes a second scintillator formed by turning scintillator powder into paste and solidifying the paste into a thick film through compression and drying.

A system for charge sharing compensation for a photon counting detector. A plurality of comparators, each configured to generate comparator output data based on a threshold value, a plurality of energy bins, each of the plurality of energy bins coupled to one of the plurality of comparators, and a coincidence logic coupled to two or more of the plurality of comparators and configured to receive comparator output data associated with two or more of a plurality of pixels. The comparator output data for each pixel indicates when a signal associated with the pixel crosses a threshold value. The coincidence logic is configured to generate a coincidence output when the comparator output data for a first pixel is received within a predetermined time interval of the comparator output data for a second pixel. The system includes a coincidence counting bin coupled to the coincidence logic and configured to receive the coincidence output and generate count data based on the coincidence output.

A panel radiation detector is provided for detecting radiation event(s) of ionizing radiation, comprising a plurality of adjoining plastic scintillator slabs, a plurality of silicon photomultiplier sensors arranged at an edge of at least one of the plastic scintillator slabs) and configured to detect scintillation light generated in the scintillator slabs responsive to the radiation events, and a plurality of signal processing units each connected to one of the silicon photomultiplier sensors, wherein the signal processing units each comprise a digitization circuit configured to generate a digitized signal for signal analysis by executing 1-bit digitization of a detection signal generated by at least one of the silicon photomultiplier sensors responsive to the detected scintillation light for determining the energy of the detected radiation event(s).

Systems and methods include an analog-to-logic circuit and a digital processing component. The analog-to-logic circuit receives a first electrical signal, outputs a first logic signal indicating whether or not a voltage of the first pulse is greater than a first threshold voltage, and outputs a second logic signal indicating whether or not the voltage of the first pulse is greater than a second threshold voltage. The digital processing component receives the first logic pulse and the second logic pulse, determines, based on the second logic signal, if the first pulse is valid, and determines, based on the first logic signal, a first trigger time associated with the first pulse.

Systems and methods include an analog-to-logic circuit and a digital processing component. The analog-to-logic circuit receives a first electrical signal, outputs a first logic signal indicating whether or not a voltage of the first pulse is greater than a first threshold voltage, and outputs a second logic signal indicating whether or not the voltage of the first pulse is greater than a second threshold voltage. The digital processing component receives the first logic pulse and the second logic pulse, determines, based on the second logic signal, if the first pulse is valid, and determines, based on the first logic signal, a first trigger time associated with the first pulse.

An X-ray detector is provided. The X-ray detector includes multiple detector sub-modules. Each detector sub-module includes a semiconductor layer and multiple detector elements. A plurality of detector elements is disposed on the semiconductor layer. Wiring traces extending from the plurality of detector elements to readout circuitry, where each detector element is coupled to a respective wiring trace. The wiring traces are routed within a gap between adjacent detector elements of the plurality of detector elements. Processing circuitry is configured to perform coincidence detection to determine which detector element of the plurality of detector elements is associated with a location of an X-ray hit when the X-ray coincidently hits one of the detector elements of the plurality of detector elements and one or more of the wiring traces coupled to respective detector elements of the plurality of detector elements.

An X-ray detector is provided. The X-ray detector includes multiple detector sub-modules. Each detector sub-module includes a semiconductor layer and multiple detector elements. A plurality of detector elements is disposed on the semiconductor layer. Wiring traces extending from the plurality of detector elements to readout circuitry, where each detector element is coupled to a respective wiring trace. The wiring traces are routed within a gap between adjacent detector elements of the plurality of detector elements. Processing circuitry is configured to perform coincidence detection to determine which detector element of the plurality of detector elements is associated with a location of an X-ray hit when the X-ray coincidently hits one of the detector elements of the plurality of detector elements and one or more of the wiring traces coupled to respective detector elements of the plurality of detector elements.

An approach for counting particles suspended in a flow of gas or liquid in instruments that direct the flow through an illuminated region. Pulses are detected when the signal is below a threshold amplitude and moves above the threshold amplitude. This movement above the threshold creates a dead time during which only one pulse is detected until the signal amplitude moves sufficiently below the threshold such that a subsequent particle creates a distinct pulse. After counting the number of pulses, and determining the measured live time that the signal is below the threshold value, an initial particle concentration is calculated, and the calculation corrected for coincidence by calculating an actual live time as a measured live time minus a constant multiplied by the number of distinctly counted pulses, where the constant has the units of time. From this, particle concentrations in a volume can be determined.

An approach for counting particles suspended in a flow of gas or liquid in instruments that direct the flow through an illuminated region. Pulses are detected when the signal is below a threshold amplitude and moves above the threshold amplitude. This movement above the threshold creates a dead time during which only one pulse is detected until the signal amplitude moves sufficiently below the threshold such that a subsequent particle creates a distinct pulse. After counting the number of pulses, and determining the measured live time that the signal is below the threshold value, an initial particle concentration is calculated, and the calculation corrected for coincidence by calculating an actual live time as a measured live time minus a constant multiplied by the number of distinctly counted pulses, where the constant has the units of time. From this, particle concentrations in a volume can be determined.

Methods and systems for establishing a kinetic model input function (IF) in positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography are provided. A position of interaction along a scintillating fiber coil is determined by: detecting a first plurality and second plurality of photons at first and second ends of the scintillating fiber coil; associating the first plurality of photons and the second plurality of photons with the interaction event based on a timing parameter; and determining a position of interaction for the interaction event based on a comparison between a first parameter of the first plurality of photons and a second parameter of the photons in the second plurality of photons.