Disclosed are a flat panel detector and a manufacturing method thereof. The flat panel detector including: a first optical assembly, having a first side and a second side opposite to the first side in a thickness direction of the flat panel detector, and including: a first scintillator layer configured for converting at least part of rays into a first visible light; and a first light guide component stacked with the first scintillator layer and configured for guiding the first visible light; a first image sensor assembly stacked with the first optical assembly, configured for receiving the first visible light, and including: a first image sensor located at the first side of the first optical assembly; and a second image sensor located at the second side of the first optical assembly.

A downhole gamma ray detector having improved resistance to shocks and vibrations encountered during use of modern drilling techniques. The detector includes a scintillator with a window for emitting photons upon receipt of gamma rays. The window faces a photon-receiving end of a photomultiplier tube. The scintillator and the photomultiplier tube are held in a fixed arrangement with respect to each other to provide an empty gap between the window and the photon-receiving end of the photomultiplier tube.

Disclosed herein is radiation detector, comprising a first photodiode comprising a first junction; and a first scintillator, wherein a first point in a first plane and inside the first scintillator is essentially completely surrounded in the first plane by an intersection of the first plane and the first junction. The first junction is a p-n junction, a p-i-n junction, a heterojunction, or a Schottky junction. The radiation detector further comprises a first reflector configured to guide essentially all photons emitted by the first scintillator into the first photodiode. The first scintillator is essentially completely enclosed by the first reflector and the first photodiode.

A radiation detector of one embodiment includes: a scintillator configured to generate first scintillation light having a first peak wavelength and second scintillation light having a second peak wavelength in response to radiation incidence; a photodetection unit configured to detect the scintillation light generated by the scintillator; and a filter layer disposed between the scintillator and the photodetection unit and configured to selectively block the first scintillation light. The filter layer has a metasurface structure.

Scintillating glass ceramics are disclosed. The scintillating glass ceramics may be used as an x-ray conversion layer (screen) for a flat panel imager (FPD) and as part of an imaging system. The FPD may have a single screen or a dual screen. The scintillating glass ceramics may be used for either a front screen or a back screen. The scintillating glass ceramics may be used for high energy x-ray applications including for energies of about 0.3 to about 20 MeV. A build-up layer may be attached to the scintillating glass ceramics for high energy applications. The scintillating glass ceramics may include a glass matrix hosting luminescent centers and light scattering centers. The materials used for the luminescent centers and light scattering centers may be the same or different. The scintillating glass ceramics may be coated onto a glass substrate.

The present invention relates to an X-ray detector (10) comprising two or more scintillator layers, comprising: a first scintillator layer (20); a second scintillator layer (30); a first photodiode array (40); a second photodiode array (50); and at least one light emitting layer (60). The first scintillator layer is configured to absorb X-rays from an X-ray pulse and emit light. The first photodiode array is positioned adjacent to the first scintillators layer. The first photodiode array is configured to detect at least some of the light emitted by the first scintillator layer. The second scintillator layer is configured to absorb X-rays from the X-ray pulse and emit light. The second photodiode array is positioned adjacent to the second scintillator layer. The second photodiode array is configured to detect at least some of the light emitted by the second scintillator layer. The at least one light emitting layer is 10 configured to emit radiation such that at least some of the emitted radiation irradiates the first photodiode array and at least some of the emitted radiation irradiates the second photodiode array.

A radiation detector includes a scintillator that has a first surface on which radiation is incident and a second surface disposed on a side opposite to the first surface, and that converts the radiation into fluorescence; a sensor unit provided on a side of the second surface of the scintillator and having a light receiving surface that receives the fluorescence converted by the scintillator; and a plurality of members that reflect or absorb the fluorescence converted by the scintillator. Each of the plurality of members has an elongated shape having a longitudinal direction in a direction intersecting the light receiving surface of the sensor unit, and is provided in the scintillator at a position closer to the second surface than to the first surface.

A radiation position detector includes: a photodetector array constituted of unit-sized unit photodetectors; a scintillator array constituted of a plurality of tetragonal scintillator elements optically connected to the photodetector array, wherein scintillator units are each constituted of a pair of unit scintillators whose individual cross-sectional size of plane facing to right receiving surface is ¼ of the size of the unit photodetector, where at least part of which is optically connected on a surface side opposite to the right receiving surface, the scintillator units being each arranged so as to be positioned over two of the unit photodetectors; and a position evaluation unit configured to identify the scintillator unit by the presence or absence of a signal and furthermore identify one of the unit scintillators of the scintillator unit on the basis of a strength of the signal, to obtain a two-dimensional radiation detection position.

A method for generating a response function of a scintillator to incident gamma rays of energy within a range of energies of interest, the method including: obtaining the responses {S.sub.i} of the scintillator to a plurality of known radionuclides i (i=1, . . . N), each radionuclide i emitting gamma rays with known energetic properties (E.sub.ij, Y.sub.ij), decomposing, for each radionuclide i, response S.sub.i into primary responses of the scintillator S.sub.ij=ƒ(λ.sub.ij, Y.sub.ij, X.sub.ij), each primary response corresponding to the response of the scintillator to a received gamma ray of a known energy E.sub.ij for this radionuclide i, deriving from the primary responses {S.sub.ij} the response function ƒ(λ, X) of the scintillator to an incident gamma ray of any energy E within the range of energies of interest.

A PET detector and method thereof are provided. The PET detector may include: a crystal array including a plurality of crystal elements arranged in an array and light-splitting structures set on surfaces of the plurality of crystal elements, the light-splitting structures jointly define a light output surface of the crystal array; a semiconductor sensor array, which is set in opposite to the light output surface of the crystal array and is suitable to receive photons from the light output surface, the semiconductor sensor array comprises a plurality of semiconductor sensors arranged in an array.